论《民法典》重新协商制度的法律性质

On the Legal Nature of the Renegotiation System in the Civil Code

摘要: 我国《民法典》第533条首次对情势变更时的重新协商制度进行规定，但目前我国对重新协商制度的法律性质规定并不明确，在司法实践中的具体操作方式也值得商榷。本文在对重新协商制度的概念及构成要件、相关理论基础进行研究的基础上，结合意思自治原则、诚实信用原则等民法基本原则进行论述，对重新协商制度的法律性质进行定义。重新协商过程包含受不利影响的当事人提出重新协商意愿和合同相对方即被请求方对重新协商进行响应两方面内容。结合重新协商制度的具体程序，重新协商制度的法律性质应为受不利影响的当事人享有提出重新协商的请求权，合同相对方应当履行响应重新协商的不真正义务，被请求方违反该义务并不产生损害赔偿责任，仅承担因未及时响应造成权利丧失或利益减损后果。

Abstract: Article 533 of China’s Civil Code provides for the first time for the renegotiation system in the event of a change of circumstances, but at present, the legal nature of the renegotiation system in China is not clearly defined, and the exact manner in which it operates in judicial practice is also questionable. This paper defines the legal nature of the renegotiation system based on the study of the concept and constituent elements of the renegotiation system and the relevant theoretical foundations, combined with the principle of autonomy of meaning, the principle of good faith and other basic principles of civil law. The renegotiation process consists of both an offer to renegotiate by the adversely affected party and a response to the renegotiation by the counterparty to the contract, the requested party. In conjunction with the specific procedures of the renegotiation system, the legal nature of the renegotiation system should be that the adversely affected party has the right to request renegotiation, that the counterparty to the contract should fulfill the unreal obligation to respond to the renegotiation, and that the breach of this obligation by the requested party does not give rise to a liability in damages, but only to the consequences of loss of rights or diminution of benefits due to the failure to respond in a timely manner.