西华大学体质不合格学生体质特征及影响因素分析

Physical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Poor Physical Fitness Students in Xihua University

摘要: 本研究通过体质测试法及问卷调查法探讨西华大学体质不合格学生体质特征及影响因素，为提高学生体质成绩及培养学生的终身体育健康理念提供参考。方法：对841名男生和1249名女生进行体质测试及问卷调查。结果显示：男女学生体质不合格者在50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈引体向上和体脂率方面均显著低于合格者；文科生的身体素质不合格者是理科生的2.494倍；相对体脂率正常而言，低体脂率者、超重和肥胖者身体素质不合格者是体脂率正常者的6.046、5.422和3.558倍；不吸烟者出现体质率不合格者出现的几率是吸烟者的58.4%；运动负荷也是影响体质的重要因素。结论认为：西华大学体质不合格学生整体主要表现在50 m、坐位体前屈、体脂率和长跑成绩不理想，同时男学生引体向上和女学生的仰卧起坐成绩较差。影响体质不合格的因素为文科生、男学生、超重、肥胖及低体脂率、吸烟、每周锻炼时间、强度和次数不达标者，而感染新冠病毒后3月对体质没有显著影响。

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to elaborate the physical characters and influencing factors of students who did not pass the physical fitness test in Xihua University, so as to provide reference for improving students’ physical performance and cultivating students’ lifelong physical health concept. Methods: 841 male students and 1249 female students were tested by physical fitness and questionnaire. Results: Male and female students with poor physical fitness are significantly lower than better physical fitness students in 50 m running, standing long jump, sitting forward pull-up and body fat percentage; The poor physical fitness of liberal arts students was 2.494 times higher than that of science students; Poor physical fitness with low body fat percentage, overweight and obesity were 6.046, 5.422 and 3.558 times higher than those with normal body fat percentage; Smokers were 42.6% more likely to have an poor physical fitness; Exercise load was also an important factor affecting physical fitness. Conclusion: The poor physical fitness students were poor in 50 m, sit forward bend, body fat percentage and long-distance running performance. The factors affecting physical fitness were liberal arts students, male students, overweight, obesity and low body fat rate, smoking, and the time, intensity and frequency of weekly exercise were not up to the standard, while three months after infection with the novel coronavirus had no significant impact on physical fitness.