考虑电动汽车接入的微电网优化调度问题

Optimal Scheduling Problem for Microgrids Considering Electric Vehicle Access

摘要: 现阶段能源供需和环保低碳问题受到了全球的广泛关注，而可再生能源发电系统与电动汽车大规模接入电网面临着巨大的挑战。本文综合考虑电动汽车行驶特性和电池储能的折旧费用，在考虑实时电价的前提下，建立以最小化电网运行成本、最小化电动汽车车主充放电成本的微电网多目标优化调度数学模型。在NMAOA算法的基础上，引入随机参数改进概率系数MOP，提升寻优效果；并引入多样性测度惯性权重，优化探索性能。同时使用NMAOA-IW算法与MOPSO算法、MOAOA算法求解相同算例。最终实例结果验证了NMAOA-IW算法的有效性；也证明了微电网在电动汽车有序充放电模式下的经济优势、柔性负荷调度的有效性；从而验证了调度运行策略和优化调度模型的合理性。

Abstract: At the present stage, energy supply and demand and environmental protection and low-carbon issues have received extensive global attention, while renewable energy power generation systems and electric vehicles are facing great challenges for large-scale access to the power grid. In this paper, taking into account the driving characteristics of electric vehicles and the depreciation cost of battery storage, a mathematical model of multi-objective optimal scheduling for microgrids is established to minimise the operating cost of the grid and the charging and discharging cost of the electric vehicle owners, under the premise of considering the real-time electricity price. On the basis of NMAOA algorithm, stochastic parameters are introduced to improve the probability coefficient MOP to enhance the effect of optimisation search; and diversity measure inertia weights are introduced to optimise the exploration performance. Meanwhile, the NMAOA-IW algorithm is used to solve the same instances with MOPSO algorithm and MOAOA algorithm. The final example results verify the effectiveness of the NMAOA-IW algorithm; they also demonstrate the economic advantages of microgrids in the EV orderly charging and discharging mode, and the effectiveness of flexible load scheduling; thus, they verify the reasonableness of the scheduling and operation strategy and the optimal scheduling model.