考虑两阶段变质的低碳冷链物流库存–路径联合优化研究

Joint Optimization Study on Inventory-Routing for Low-Carbon Cold Chain Logistics with Two-Stage Deterioration

摘要: 针对低碳冷链物流库存–路径问题，本研究考虑冷链产品的库存和配送两阶段变质情况及碳排放，计算货损成本、碳排放成本及其它各项成本；同时在供应商库存管理模式下，分析零售商的库存状态，并计算相关成本。以系统总成本最小化为目标，建立考虑两阶段冷链产品变质的低碳库存–路径问题模型(Low-Carbon Inventory-Routing Problem, LCIRP)，并设计了一种采用大规模邻域搜索中的“破坏”和“修复”思想的两阶段遗传算法进行求解。最后，通过对比有无碳排放约束的两种模型和是否考虑库存路径联合优化的两种模式的求解结果，以及对碳交易价格的灵敏度分析，算例结果表明LCIPR模型在碳排放成本和系统总成本方面有较大的优势，能同时兼顾企业经济效益和社会环境效益，更好地实现双赢局面。

Abstract: For the low-carbon cold-chain logistics inventory-routing problem, this study considers the inventory and distribution of cold-chain products in two stages of deterioration and carbon emissions, calculates the cost of damage, carbon emissions and other costs; while in the supplier inventory management mode, it analyzes the inventory status of retailers and calculates relevant costs. Taking the minimum total system cost as the goal, a low-carbon inventory-routing problem model (LCIRP) considering two-stage cold-chain product deterioration is established, and a two-stage genetic algorithm using large-scale neighborhood search with “destruction” and “repair” ideas is designed for solution. Finally, through comparing the results of two models with and without carbon emission constraints, as well as two modes with and without considering the joint optimization of inventory and routing, and a sensitivity analysis of carbon trading prices, the example results demonstrate that the LCIPR model has significant advantages in terms of carbon emission cost and total system cost, which can balance both economic benefits and social environmental benefits of enterprises, thus better achieving a win-win situation.