岱海夏季补水前后浮游动物群落结构及多样性

Community Structure and Diversity of Zooplankton before and after Summer Water Replenishment in Daihai

摘要: 为探究岱海夏季补水前后浮游动物的群落结构与多样性状况，本研究于2022年夏季(6月)生态补水前、2023年夏季(6月)生态补水后对岱海的水体浮游动物群落结构及多样性进行调查，分析其种类组成、丰度、生物量及生物多样性指数。结果表明，补水前共鉴定出3门8种，其中桡足类最多(5种)、轮虫2种、枝角类1种，补水后共鉴定出4门21种，其中桡足类最多(14种)、枝角类4种、原生动物2种、轮虫1种，且补水后优势种数明显多于补水前；补水前浮游动物平均丰度(145.35 ind./L)低于补水后丰度(157.5 0ind./L)，而平均生物量(36.70 mg/L)高于补水后(5.44 mg/L)；补水前Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(d)分别介于0.77~1.50、0.36~0.70、0.60~1.12之间，而补水后H'、J、d分别介于0.45~2.07、0.69~0.96、0.31~1.65之间。通过主坐标分析(PCoA)表明，岱海夏季补水前后的浮游动物群落结构存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。根据多样性指数水质评价标准，岱海夏季补水后的水质并没有得到明显的改善，需加强保护和治理。

Abstract: In order to investigate the community structure and diversity of zooplankton before and after the summer water replenishment in Daihai, the community structure and diversity of zooplankton in the water body of Daihai were investigated before the summer water replenishment in 2022 (June) and after the summer water replenishment in 2023 (June), and their species composition, abundance, biomass and biodiversity index were analyzed. The results showed that 8 species of 3 phyla were identified before water replenishment, among which copepods (5), rotifers (2) and rotifers (1) were the most, and 21 species of 4 phyla were identified after water replenishment, among which copepods (14), rotifers (4), protozoa (2) and rotifers (1) were the most, and the number of dominant species after water replenishment was significantly higher than that before water replenishment. The average abundance of zooplankton before water replenishment (145.35 ind./L) was lower than that after water replenishment (157.50 ind./L), while the average biomass (36.70 mg/L) was higher than that after water replenishment (5.44 mg/L). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J) and Margalef richness index (d) before water replenishment were 0.77~1.50, 0.36~0.70 and 0.60~1.12, respectively. After water replenishment, H', J and d ranged from 0.45~2.07, 0.69~0.96 and 0.31~1.65, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there were significant differences in the community structure of zooplankton before and after water replenishment in summer (P < 0.05). According to the water quality evaluation standard of diversity index, the water quality of Daihai in summer has not been significantly improved, and it needs to be strengthened to protect and control.