2010~2019年北京市酸雨变化特征分析

Characteristic Analysis of Acid Rain in Beijing over the Past Ten Years

摘要: 选用2010~2019年北京市3个酸雨站(昌平、观象台和上甸子站)的酸雨观测数据，分析北京市酸雨变化特征。结果表明：2010~2019年北京市酸雨频率持续降低，3个观测站酸雨频率分别从41%、39%和53%降低至5%、7%和22%。昌平站酸雨频率下降最多，观象台站次之，表明北京地区局地的降水酸性改变速度较华北区域整体改变速度要快。3个观测站月降水量变化趋势和降水pH值变化趋势存在显著不同。北京地区夏秋两季酸雨污染严重，弱酸雨和强酸雨一般出现在夏季和秋季。北京地区酸雨主要发生在大雨和暴雨的降水过程中，而强酸雨更易出现在大雨以下降水过程中。

Abstract: By analyzing the data from three acid rain monitoring stations (Changping, Guanxiangtai, and Shangdianzi) in Beijing over the past 10 years, this study explores the changes and future trends of acid rain in Beijing. The analysis results show the following: First, the frequency of acid rain in Beijing has been continuously decreasing in the past 10 years. The acid rain frequency at the three monitoring stations has decreased from 41%, 39%, and 53% to 5%, 7%, and 22% respectively. Changping station has experienced the largest decrease in acid rain frequency, followed by Guanxiangtai station, indicating that the local precipitation acidity in Beijing changes faster than the overall change in the North China region. Second, there are significant differences in the trends of monthly precipitation and pH value changes at the three monitoring stations. Acid rain pollution in Beijing is severe in summer and autumn, with weak acid rain and strong acid rain generally occurring in these seasons. Third, acid rain in Beijing mainly occurs during heavy rain and torrential rain events, and strong acid rain is more likely to occur in precipitation levels below heavy rain.