青少年非自杀性自伤行为理论研究综述及相关质性研究进展

A Review of Theoretical Studies on Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents and Related Qualitative Research Progresses

摘要: 青春期是非自杀性自伤行为发展的敏感阶段，对青少年社会化发展和未来心理健康构成了严重威胁，了解非自杀性自伤行为的影响因素及其作用机制有助于为该行为的早期预防及干预提供新视角。本文对非自杀性自伤行为相关理论模型进行系统综述和评价，理论发展经历了从功能理论模型、到情绪理论模型、再到认知-情绪理论模型的发展历程。对现有质性研究进行梳理和总结发现，不良家庭环境、创伤经历、负性生活事件是青少年非自杀性自伤行为发生的重要影响因素，消极认知过程和消极情绪过程是青少年实施非自杀性自伤行为前的重要内部过程。通过对理论模型和已有国内外质性研究的回顾，发现影响青少非自杀性自伤行为的风险因素，此外提升青少年认知调节和情绪和管理能力可能是改善该行为的有效干预策略。未来研究应以促进青少年积极自我发展为干预重点，并进一步通过基于我国文化背景的质性研究提炼我国青少年非自杀性自伤行为影响因素和作用机制的理论。

Abstract: Adolescence is a sensitive stage for the development of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior, which poses a serious threat to adolescents’ socialization development and future mental health. Understanding the influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and its mechanism of action can help to provide new perspectives on the early prevention and intervention of this behavior. This paper provides a systematic review and evaluation of the theoretical models related to nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior, which have undergone a developmental process from the functional theory model, to the emotion theory model, and then to the cognitive-emotion theory model. The combing and summarization of existing qualitative studies revealed that adverse family environment, traumatic experiences, and negative life events are important influences on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescents, and that negative cognitive processes and negative emotional processes are important internal processes before adolescents commit non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. Through the review of theoretical models and existing domestic and international qualitative studies, the risk factors affecting adolescent non- suicidal self-injurious behavior were identified, in addition to the enhancement of adolescents’ cognitive regulation and emotional and management abilities may be an effective intervention strategy to improve the behavior. Future research should focus on promoting adolescents’ positive self-development as an intervention focus, and further refine the theories on the influencing factors and mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors among adolescents in China through qualitative studies based on our cultural background.