社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿的影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Willingness of Working-Age Female Workers in Community to Have a Second Child

摘要: 目的：探究社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿的影响因素。方法：选2022.01~2024.04期间重庆市各主城区社区辖区内165名适龄在职女职工为研究对象，调查其二胎生育意愿，收集其一般资料并访谈统计其二胎生育意愿原因，分析其二胎生育意愿影响因素。结果：165名在职女职工中，84名不愿意生育二胎，占比为50.91%；经单因素分析显示，年龄、文化水平、家庭人均月收入、一胎后产后抑郁、养育成本、身材改变、配偶家庭角色、对工作影响、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC-10)评分为社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿影响因素(P < 0.05)；经Logistic回归分析显示，年龄升高、文化水平升高、一胎产后抑郁、养育成本、配偶家庭角色、对工作负向影响降低为社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿独立危险因素(P < 0.05)；CD-RISC评分高为社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿独立保护因素(P < 0.05)。结论：年龄、文化水平、儿童养育成本、工作、配偶家庭角色、一胎产后抑郁及心理弹性水平均会影响社区适龄在职女职工二胎生育意愿，建议在降低儿童养育成本等政策的基础上，重视对女性及其配偶心理层面干预，减轻其生育二胎心理负担。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influencing factors of working-age female workers’ willingness to have a second child in communities. Methods: 165 working-age female workers in our community during 2022.01 to 2024.04 were selected as the research objects to investigate the fertility intention of their second child, collect their general information and interview statistics on the reasons for the fertility intention of their second child, and analyze the influencing factors of the fertility intention of their second child. Results: Among 165 female workers, 84 were not willing to have a second child, accounting for 50.91%; Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, per capita monthly family income, postpartum depression after having one child, parenting cost, body type change, spouse’s family role, influence on work, psychological resilience scale (CD-RISC-10) score were the influential factors for working-age female workers in the community to have a second child (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of age, the increase of education level, postpartum depression of first child, parenting cost, spouse’s family role, and the decrease of negative influence on work were independent risk factors for working-age female workers in the community to have a second child (P < 0.05). High CD-RISC score was an independent protective factor for the willingness of working-age female workers to have a second child (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age, education level, child rearing cost, job, spouse’s family role, postpartum depression and psychological resilience of female workers of working age in the community can affect their willingness to have a second child. It is suggested that on the basis of reducing child rearing cost and other policies, attention should be paid to the psychological intervention of women and their spouses to reduce their psychological burden of having a second child.