昆明市生态系统服务价值核算与评估

Accounting and Assessment of the Value of Ecosystem Services in Kunming City

摘要: [目的]：本文以昆明市为研究区，基于2000~2020年土地利用数据，借助土地利用转移矩阵和当量因子法，分析土地利用时空变化，并进行生态系统服务价值核算与评估。[结果]：1) 昆明市的主要土地利用类型为耕地、林地和草地，面积分别为705571.11 hm²、1102908.42 hm²和219084.30 hm²，分别占土地总面积的33.58%，52.49%和10.43%。2) 在土地利用类型的动态变化上，林地变化最为明显，转出总面积为82614.87 hm²，转入总面积为152515.08 hm²，主要转为耕地；其次是草地，转出总面积为153054.00 hm²，转入总面积为68102.46 hm²，主要转为耕地。3) 2000~2020年间，昆明市生态系统服务价值总体呈现上升趋势，从2000年的612.093亿元增长到2020年的619.441亿元，总体增加7.328亿元。4) 单项生态系统服务价值以调节服务和支持服务为最高，其历年占比超过90%以上。[结论]：昆明市土地利用类型变化对生态系统产生正面影响，生态环境质量增加。

Abstract: [Purpose]: This article takes Kunming City as the research area. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, using the land use transfer matrix and equivalent factor method, it analyzes the spatio-temporal changes in land use and conducts ecosystem service value accounting and evaluation. [Results]: 1) The main land use types in Kunming City are cultivated land, forest land, and grassland, with areas of 705571.11 hm², 1102908.42 hm², and 219084.30 hm², accounting for 33.58%, 52.49%, and 10.43% of the total land area, respectively. 2) In terms of dynamic changes in land use types, forest land shows the most obvious changes, with a total area transferred out of 82614.87 hm² and a total area transferred in of 152515.08 hm², mainly converted to cultivated land; followed by grassland, with a total area transferred out of 153054.00 hm² and a total area transferred in of 68102.46 hm², mainly converted to cultivated land. 3) From 2000 to 2020, the overall ecosystem service value in Kunming City shows an upward trend, increasing from 612.093 billion yuan in 2000 to 619.441 billion yuan in 2020, with an overall increase of 7.328 billion yuan. 4) Individual ecosystem service values are highest for regulating services and supporting services, accounting for over 90% of each year. [Conclusion]: Changes in land use types in Kunming City have a positive impact on the ecosystem, leading to an increase in the quality of the ecological environment.