抗生素土霉素检测的最新研究进展

Latest Research Progress of Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Detection

摘要: 土霉素是一种广泛使用的重要抗生素。随着水产养殖和畜牧业的发展，土霉素(OTC)的使用量不断增加。在土霉素的应用过程中，约有30%~90%的抗生素以原药形式排放到环境中，特别是将动物粪便施用于农田时，大量抗生素的流入可能会破坏自然微生物生态系统，并通过食物链对人类健康构成潜在威胁。目前，土霉素的检测方法主要包括微生物抑制筛查法、免疫分析法、电化学法、荧光光谱法等传统方法。其中，利用荧光金属离子检测是一种重要应用，可通过研究金属离子与土霉素结合增强荧光效应，实现基于荧光猝灭、荧光恢复、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)和比率响应等机理的高灵敏检测。近年来，研究人员开发了诸如原子吸收/质谱联用技术等各种先进仪器分析方法用于土霉素检测，但这些方法往往操作复杂、成本较高。因此，学术界对于开发简单、低成本的土霉素检测新方法提出了迫切需求。我们期望通过总结归纳最新研究进展，有助于更好地监控和评估行业标准，并为相关领域的未来工作方向提供参考。

Abstract: Oxytetracycline is an important and widely used antibiotic. With the development of aquaculture and animal husbandry, the use of oxytetracycline (OTC) continues to increase. During the application process of oxytetracycline, about 30%~90% of the antibiotics are discharged into the environment in the form of original drugs. Especially when animal manure is applied to farmland, the inflow of large amounts of antibiotics may destroy the natural microbial ecosystem and cause potential threat to human health through the food chain. At present, the detection methods of oxytetracycline mainly include traditional methods such as microbial inhibition screening method, immunoassay method, electrochemical method, and fluorescence spectrometry. Among them, the detection of fluorescent metal ions is an important application. It can enhance the fluorescence effect by studying the combination of metal ions and oxytetracycline, and achieve high-performance detection based on mechanisms such as fluorescence quenching, fluorescence recovery, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and ratio response. In recent years, researchers have developed various advanced instrumental analysis methods such as atomic absorption/mass spectrometry technology for the detection of oxytetracycline, but these methods are often complex to operate and costly. Therefore, the academic community has put forward an urgent need to develop simple, low-cost new methods for detecting oxytetracycline. We hope that by summarizing the latest research progress, it will help better monitor and evaluate industry standards and provide reference for future work directions in related fields.