影响各国电子商务发展速度与程度的因素研究

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Pace and Extent of E-Commerce Development in Various Countries

摘要: 电子商务是全球快速发展的行业之一，中国在电商发展方面表现良好。不过，并非所有国家都认为电商能促进经济发展。英国就是一个限制电商的发展例子。影响电商发展的因素非常复杂。研究结果表明，在英国案例中，实体经济因素、人口因素和传统零售业等因素是影响电商发展的主要因素。而中国电商发展良好的原因在于基础建设、政策支持、居民消费水平的提高和企业投资意愿等方面。对于反对发展电商的国家，原因可区分为主观因素和客观因素。发达国家反对电商主要是出于主观因素考虑，包括就业问题、竞争公平、假货盛行和商业模式成熟等。而影响发展中国家发展电子商务的主要是客观因素，比如地理气候、政治军事、消费者行为和历史原因等。我们为政府和电商从业者提供了管理启示。

Abstract: E-commerce is one of the fast-growing industries in the world, and China is doing well in terms of e-commerce development. However, not all countries believe that e-commerce can boost their economy. The UK is an example of a country that limits the development of e-commerce. The factors affecting the development of e-commerce are very complex. The results of the study show that in the case of the UK, factors such as the real economy, demographic factors and traditional retailing are the main factors affecting the development of e-commerce. In contrast, the good reasons for the development of e-commerce in China lie in the areas of infrastructure, policy support, the increase in the consumption level of the population and the willingness of enterprises to invest. For countries that oppose the development of e-commerce, the reasons can be distinguished into subjective and objective factors. Developed countries oppose e-commerce mainly due to subjective factors, including employment issues, competitive fairness, prevalence of counterfeit goods and maturity of business models. Whereas, it is mainly objective factors that affect the development of e-commerce in developing countries, such as geographic climate, political and military, consumer behaviour and historical reasons. Management insights are provided for the government and e-commerce practitioners.