夫妻共同债务认定

Determination of Joint Debts of Husband and Wife

摘要: 夫妻共同债务认定是我国法学界和司法界共同存在的难点。夫妻共同债务认定规则的演变没有实现从源头减少纠纷数量的内在价值，文章先简要梳理了夫妻共同债务认定规则的发展历程，后以《民法典》1064条和2018年司法解释为基础，以类型化研究和案例分析的方法将夫妻共同债务认定的规则概括为“合意规则”、“家事代理规则”、“用途规则”三规则。在这个基础上，探讨认定过程中最核心的问题，即举证责任分配问题，并从法经济学角度简单提出了自己的构想。最后，通过案例重新审视《民法典》1064条，对1064条的完善补充提出自己的观点，即明确夫妻共同债务的共同意思表示认定、完善家事代理制度、完善共同生活和共同生产经营的认定。

Abstract: The cognizance of the common debt of husband and wife is a difficult point in our legal and judicial circles. The evolution of the rules of joint debt of husband and wife has not realized the intrinsic value of reducing the number of disputes from the source, based on Article 1064 of the Civil Code and the judicial interpretation of 2018, by means of typological study and case analysis, the rules of joint debt of husband and wife are summarized as “Agreement rule”, “Family agency rule” and “Use rule”. On this basis, this paper probes into the core problem in the process of determination, that is, the distribution of the burden of proof. Finally, through the case to re-examine the “Civil Code” article 1064, to improve the supplement to put forward their own views, that is to define the common meaning of the couple’s joint debt, improve the family agency system, improve the common life and common production and management of the recognition.