带量采购政策对我国上市医药企业生产率的影响研究
Study on the Impact of Volume-Based Procurement Policy on the Productivity of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in China
DOI: 10.12677/mm.2024.147173, PDF,  被引量   
作者: 高博彦：北京大学软件与微电子学院，北京；窦文章：北京大学软件与微电子学院，北京；北京大学战略研究所，北京
关键词: 带量采购；全要素生产率；研发投入；人力资本；Volume-Based Procurement； Total Factor Productivity； Research and Development Investment； Human Capital
摘要: 2018年带量采购政策的实施是对药品采购制度的重大调整，更是近年来对药品研发、生产、流通和使用等环节影响最深远的改革之一，医药企业是整个药品流通过程的核心参与者，分析带量采购对其的影响尤为关键。本文聚焦于全要素生产率这一更加全面的生产率视角，利用我国上市医药企业2014~2022年的面板数据，使用LP法和OP法测算医药企业的全要素生产率，构建双重差分模型探究带量采购政策对医药企业全要素生产率的影响及其机制。研究发现，带量采购政策的实施显著提高了医药企业的全要素生产率。机制分析发现，带量采购通过增加医药企业的研发投入和促进人力资本积累两条路径提高了全要素生产率。进一步研究发现，带量采购对大规模医药企业和东部地区医药企业的全要素生产率提升效果显著。据此，应继续扩大带量采购覆盖的药品范围，并细化带量采购中选规则中的质量要求。
Abstract: The implementation of the centralized drug procurement policy in 2018 was a significant adjustment to the drug procurement system and one of the most far-reaching reforms in recent years, affecting various stages of drug research, production, distribution, and utilization. Pharmaceutical companies are the core participants in the entire drug supply chain, and analyzing the impact of centralized procurement on them is particularly crucial. This article focuses on total factor productivity, which provides a more comprehensive perspective on productivity. Using panel data from listed pharmaceutical companies in China from 2014 to 2022, the study employs the LP (Levinsohn-Petrin) method and OP (Olley-Pakes) method to measure the total factor productivity of pharmaceutical companies. A difference-in-differences model is constructed to explore the impact of centralized procurement policy on the total factor productivity of pharmaceutical companies and its mechanisms. The research findings indicate that the implementation of centralized procurement policy significantly improves the total factor productivity of pharmaceutical companies. Mechanism analysis reveals that centralized procurement enhances total factor productivity through two pathways: increasing research and development investment and promoting human capital accumulation in pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, the study finds that centralized procurement has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of large-scale pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical companies in the eastern region. Based on these findings, it is recommended to continue expanding the coverage of drugs under centralized procurement and refine the quality requirements in the selection rules of centralized procurement.
文章引用：高博彦, 窦文章. 带量采购政策对我国上市医药企业生产率的影响研究[J]. 现代管理, 2024, 14(7): 1493-1506. https://doi.org/10.12677/mm.2024.147173

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