论生态学哲学领域中生态学马克思主义的建构与局限性

On the Construction and Limits of Ecological Marxism in the Field of Philosophy of Ecology

摘要: 生态学马克思主义是把马克思主义与生态学进行相结合的一种独特的生态学哲学理论，是一种以生态批判为出发点，继承了来自传统马克思主义的批判传统，反思20世纪70年代后的资本主义社会人与自然之间的关系，并且从生态角度进行的哲学层面的反思批判理论。那么问题是生态学马克思主义到底有没有存在的可能？要如何立足？理论是如何建构起来的？有没有其合理性？合理性背后又存在什么样的缺陷？本文将重点从生态学马克思主义理论建构的不同观点、建构过程、理论合理性探究以及背后存在的缺陷等多方面进行详细论述，本文通过文献综述和论证得出，生态学马克思主义就是在20世纪70年代之后流行的一种生态学哲学理论，其继承和发展了传统马克思主义，结合生态学哲学热点话题诸如自然生态本体论以及生态伦理审视等，进行了全新的理论阐释，其理论重新思考了人与自然之间的关系，深刻揭示了当下资本主义社会的新的矛盾，为人类社会持续发展提供了思路，同时也存在着可能背离马克思主义初衷的理论风险以及在实践维度、忽视人类整体利益差异性等方面的局限性，成为未来生态学马克思主义修正和发展的方向。

Abstract: Ecological Marxism is a unique philosophical theory of ecology that combines Marxism and ecology, and it is a philosophical critical theory that takes ecological critique as its starting point, inherits the critical tradition from traditional Marxism, reflects on the relationship between human beings and nature in the capitalist societies after the 1970s, and does so from the ecological point of view. So the question is whether ecological Marxism has the possibility of existence or not? How does it stand? How is the theory constructed? Is there any rationality behind it? What kind of flaws exist behind the rationality? This paper will focus on the different viewpoints, the construction process, the rationality of the theory, and the defects behind the theory of ecological Marxism, etc. This paper concludes through the literature review and argumentation that ecological Marxism is an ecological philosophical theory that became popular after the 1970s, which inherits and develops the traditional Marxism, and combines with the ecological philosophical hot topics such as natural ecological ontology and ecological ethical scrutiny, and carried out a new theoretical interpretation. Its theory rethinks the relationship between man and nature, profoundly reveals the new contradictions of the current capitalist society, and provides ideas for the sustainable development of human society, but at the same time there is a theoretical risk that may deviate from the original intention of Marxism, as well as deficiencies in the practical dimensions, ignoring the differences in the interests of the human race as a whole, and so on. It becomes the direction of future revision and development of ecological Marxism.