2012~2016年太平洋上空“千足虫状”云的特征分析

Characteristics of the “Millipede Clouds” over the Pacific Ocean from 2012 to 2016

摘要: 本文利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)提供的可见光卫星云图、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)提供的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)卫星图像和MODIS Level-2级数据产品、以及欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA5再分析资料，对2012年至2016年发生在太平洋上空的“千足虫状”云进行统计分析，共发现183个“千足虫状”云个例发生在中低纬度的东南太平洋和东北太平洋上空，其中北半球有19个，南半球有164个。还对2012年8月22日的一个“千足虫状”云典型个例的云顶高度、云顶气温和云顶气压等特征进行了分析，发现云顶气压在800 hPa~850 hPa之间，云顶高度约为1 km~2 km，云顶附近有大气逆温层。

Abstract: This paper investigates the fundamental features of “Millipede Clouds” which occurred over the Pacific Ocean from 2012 to 2016 by using the visible satellite imagery provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery and MODIS Level-2 data products provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the fifth generation ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Total of 183 “Millipede Clouds” were found to occur over the low-latitude region of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean and the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. Among of them, 19 occurred over the Northern Hemisphere, and 164 occurred over the Southern Hemisphere, respectively. We also selected a typical “Millipede Cloud” on 22 August 2012 to analyze its cloud top height, cloud top temperature, and cloud top pressure. The cloud top pressure ranged from 800 hPa to 850 hPa, the cloud top height was approximately 1 km~2 km, and an atmospheric inversion layer existed near the cloud top.