高校学生室外运动的呼吸暴露研究

Research on Respiratory Exposure during Outdoor Exercise in College Students

摘要: 为研究成都市大学生群体在室外运动过程中受到典型大气污染物的暴露影响，本研究在对203位大学生室外运动爱好者调查的基础上，根据2022年全年成都市三个代表性空气质量监测国控站点(君平街站、金博路站和金泉两河站)的PM_2.5、PM₁₀、O₃和NO₂等污染物监测数据，分析其质量浓度的时空变化特征；采用人体呼吸暴露数值模型，研究成都市高校学生在不同运动强度下的呼吸速率参数以及重度运动强度下污染物吸入剂量的时空差异。结果表明，三个站点附近区域PM_2.5、PM₁₀和NO₂春、冬季较高，夏季较低，O₃则呈现出春季和夏季高、秋季和冬季低的特点；PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂在上午时段浓度较高，下午时段浓度较低，而O₃在下午时段浓度较高，在早晨时段和晚上22:00之后浓度较低；相同特征(性别、体重)人群进行等时长、等强度的运动时，早晨的PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂吸入剂量高于下午和晚上，下午的O₃吸入剂量高于早晨和晚上；为有效降低各项污染物对人体健康的影响，春季选择晚上运动较为适宜，夏季应尽量选择早晨运动，秋、冬季选择下午时段运动最佳。

Abstract: In order to explore the exposure effects of typical air pollutants on the college student population in Chengdu City during outdoor exercise, this study, based on a survey of 203 college students who were outdoor exercise enthusiasts, analysed the pollutant monitoring data of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃ and NO₂ from three representative air quality monitoring state-controlled stations in Chengdu City (Junping Street Station, Jinbo Road Station and Jinquan Two Rivers Station) throughout the whole year 2022. The data were used to analyse the temporal and spatial characteristics of their mass concentrations; the numerical model of human respiratory exposure was used to study the respiratory rate parameters of college students in Chengdu under different exercise intensities and the temporal and spatial differences of the pollutant inhalation dose under heavy exercise intensities. The results showed that PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and NO₂ were higher in spring and winter and lower in summer in the areas near the three stations, while O₃ showed the characteristics of high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter; the concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and NO₂ were higher in the morning hours and lower in the afternoon hours, while O₃ was higher in the afternoon hours and lower in the morning hours and after 22:00 p.m.; when people with the same characteristics (gender and body weight) exercise with equal duration and intensity, the inhalation dose of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and NO₂ in the morning is higher than that in the afternoon and evening, and the inhalation dose of O₃ in the afternoon is higher than that in the morning and evening; in order to effectively reduce the impact of pollutants on human health, it is more appropriate to exercise in the evening in the spring, and in the summer, exercise in the morning, while exercise in the afternoon is the best choice in autumn and winter.