制动盘仿生表面热–结构耦合研究

Study on Bionic Surface Thermal and Structural Coupling of Brake Disc

摘要: 汽车在紧急或频繁制动下因制动盘散热性能较差，易发生制动性能热衰退现象，借鉴蝴蝶翅膀鳞片表面微观结构优异的散热性能，构建了制动盘表面微结构仿生物模型。根据热分析理论，对仿生制动盘进行热–结构耦合的温度场仿真分析，研究不同仿生制动盘的散热情况，对散热性能最佳的仿生制动盘表面进行倒角处理，并进行温度场仿真分析。研究表明：在制动过程中非光滑制动盘表面温度高于光滑制动盘，在制动结束后，非光滑制动盘表面温度下降迅速，最终温度低于光滑制动盘模型。停滞散热阶段后，具有圆形凹槽及倒角为45˚的制动盘表面温度最低，可以有效地降低汽车后续制动过程中制动性能热衰退现象。

Abstract: Due to the poor heat dissipation performance of the brake disc under emergency or frequent braking, the phenomenon of thermal degradation of the brake disc is easy to occur. Using the excellent heat dissipation performance of the surface microstructure of the butterfly wing scales, a biomimical model of the surface microstructure of the brake disc was constructed. According to the thermal analysis theory, the thermal and structural coupling temperature field simulation analysis of the bionic brake disc was carried out to study the heat dissipation of different bionic brake discs. The bionic brake disc with the best heat dissipation performance was chamfered and the temperature field simulation analysis was carried out. The results show that the surface temperature of the non-smooth brake disc is higher than that of the smooth brake disc during the braking process, and the surface temperature of the non-smooth brake disc drops rapidly after the braking end, and the final temperature is lower than that of the smooth brake disc model. After the stagnation cooling stage, the surface temperature of the brake disc with circular groove and chamfering of 45˚ is the lowest, which can effectively reduce the thermal degradation of the braking performance during the subsequent braking process.