大学生自我效能感与体育锻炼的关系：有调节的中介效应分析

The Correlation between College Students’ Self-Efficacy and the Physical Activity: Moderated Mediating Effect Analysis

摘要: 目的：本研究考察成就动机在自我效能感与体育锻炼间的中介作用，以及负面情绪的调节作用，并进一步探索如何利用心理学知识促进大学生主动加强体育锻炼。方法：选取389名大学生作为被试，使用成就动机量表、体育活动等级量表、一般自我效能感量表、抑郁–焦虑–压力自评量表进行调查。以Harman单因素检验进行共同方法偏差的检验，发现本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。结果：(1) 自我效能感与锻炼强度和时长的相关性显著(p < 0.001, r₁ = 0.22, r₂ = 0.31)，与锻炼频率的相关性不显著(p > 0.05)；(2) 成就动机在自我效能感与锻炼时长之间起完全中介作用；(3) 负面情绪在成就动机的中介路径的前半段起到调节作用。结论：自我效能感通过成就动机预测大学生锻炼时长，负面情绪调节了自我效能感与锻炼时长的关系。

Abstract: Objective: This study inspects the mediating contribution of achievement motivation in the correlation between the sense of self-efficacy and the physical activity, as well as the moderating impact of negative emotions, exploring how to use psychology knowledge to promote college students to actively strengthen physical exercise. Methods: A total of 389 college students were selected as subjects. We used the Achievement Motive Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Harman single factor test was used to test the common method bias, and it was found that there was no serious common method bias in this study. Results: (1) Self-efficacy was significantly positively correlated with exercise intensity and duration (p < 0.001, r₁ = 0.22, r₂ = 0.314) and there was no significant correlation with exercise frequency (p > 0.05). (2) Achievement motivation plays a complete mediating role between self-efficacy and the physical activity on duration. (3) Passive emotion has a moderating impact in the first half of the mediating path of achievement motivation. Conclusion: Self-efficacy predicted the time of physical exercise through achievement motivation, and negative emotions regulated the relationship between self-efficacy and the time of physical exercise.