回避型依恋个体安全依恋启动后的注意偏向研究

A Study of Attentional Bias in Avoidant Attachments Based on Maternal Attachment Words and Maternal Faces

摘要: 目的：回避型依恋是个体由于不恰当的养育方式而形成的一种不安全依恋模式。当前关于不安全依恋的注意偏向和神经基础研究相对较多，但针对回避型依恋在依恋启动后的注意偏向研究相对较少。方法：采用方便取样选取在校女学生57人，排除作答过程中正确率低于60%的被试。实验一纳入56名女性被试数据，实验二纳入55名女性被试数据。实验一采用情绪stroop范式，以母亲依恋词汇探索回避型依恋者的注意偏向特点；实验二采用趋避实验范式，以母亲面孔为注意材料考察安全依恋启动对回避型依恋的影响，记录被试的反应时，并采用spss22.0进行重复测量方差分析。结果：(1) 在母亲依恋词汇上，词语主效应边缘显著[F(2, 106) = 3.061, p = 0.057, η² = 0.055]，对母亲积极依恋词的反应时间快于对中性词[465.74 ± 9.6, 475.13 ± 10.9]；组别的主效应边缘显著[F(1, 106) = 3.85, p = 0.055, η² = 0.068]，回避型依恋组的反应时显著低于安全型依恋组[490.64 ± 14.46, 450.16 ± 14.72]。(2) 在母亲面孔趋近量上，面孔主效应显著[F(1, 54) = 6.35, p < 0.01, ŋ² = 0.11]，对母亲面孔的趋近量显著低于对陌生女性面孔的趋近量[−30.5 ± 4.47, −15.77 ± 4.28]；面孔和组别的交互作用边缘显著[F(1, 54) = 3.53, p = 0.066, ŋ² = 0.06]，回避型依恋被试对母亲面孔的趋近量显著小于对陌生女性面孔的趋近量[−38.52 ± 6.32, −12.81 ± 6.06]，[F(1, 54) = 9.68, p < 0.05, ŋ² = 0.15]。(3) 在母亲情感评分上，回避型依恋组显著低于安全型依恋组对母亲情感评分[5.43 ± 1.23, 6 ± 0.98]，[t = 1.92, p = 0.06]。结论：1) 个体处理情绪词语冲突时会受到母亲依恋词语的影响，并且回避型依恋女性会更慢从母亲依恋词语的注意偏向中转移出来；2) 安全型依恋和回避型依恋在阈下威胁情境中均表现出回避行为。3) 回避型依恋对母亲面孔回避程度更大。

Abstract: Objective: Avoidant attachment is an insecure attachment pattern formed by an individual due to inappropriate parenting style. At present, there are relatively many researches on the attention bias and neural basis of insecure attachment, but there are relatively few researches on the attention bias of avoidant attachment after attachment initiation. Methods: 57 female students were selected by convenient sampling, and the subjects whose correct rate was less than 60% were excluded. The data of 56 female subjects were included in experiment 1 and 55 female subjects in experiment 2. In the first experiment, emotional stroop paradigm was used to explore the characteristics of avoidant attachment by using mother attachment words. In experiment 2, the influence of secure attachment priming on avoidant attachment was investigated with the mother’s face as the attention material, and the responses of the subjects were recorded, and repeated measurement ANOVA was performed with spss 22.0. Results: (1) In maternal attachment words, the main effect margin of words was significant [F (2, 106) = 3.061, p = 0.057, η² = 0.055], the response time of positive attachment words to mother was faster than that of neutral words [465.74 ± 9.6, 475.13 ± 10.9]; the main effect margin of the groups was significant [F (1, 106) = 3.85, p = 0.055, η² = 0.068], the reaction time of the avoidant attachment group was significantly lower than that of the secure attachment group [490.64 ± 14.46, 450.16 ± 14.72]. (2) In the maternal face approximation, the face dominant effect was significant [F (1, 54) = 6.35, p < 0.01, η² = 0.11], the convergence of mother faces was significantly lower than that of unfamiliar female faces [−30.5 ± 4.47, −15.77 ± 4.28]; the edge of face and group interaction was significant [F (1, 54) = 3.53, p = 0.066, η² = 0.06], and avoidance attachment subjects’ exposure to the mother’s face was significantly less than that to the unfamiliar female face [−38.52 ± 6.32, −12.81 ± 6.06], [F (1, 54) = 9.68, p < 0.05, η² = 0.15]. (3) In terms of the emotional score of mothers, the avoidant attachment group was significantly lower than the secure attachment group [5.43 ± 1.23, 6 ± 0.98], [t = 1.92, p = 0.06]. Conclusion: 1) The individual processing emotional word conflict is affected by the mother’s attachment words, and avoidant attachment women are more slow to transfer their attention bias from the mother’s attachment words; 2) both secure attachment and avoidant attachment exhibit avoidant behavior in subliminal threat situations; 3) avoidant attachment avoids mother’s face more.