泌尿系结石预防策略研究进展

Progress in the Study of Urinary Stone Prevention Strategies

摘要: 泌尿系结石是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，是指在泌尿系统内形成的固体结晶体沉积，临床上最为常见的是肾结石和输尿管结石，具体形成机制尚不明确，其形成可能与多种因素有关，目前的主流学说主要有肾钙化斑、过饱和结晶、抑制物缺乏学说、基质学说等几种学说。因其形成机制尚未明确，临床上无法根据结石的形成机制进行有效的预防措施及治疗方法，使得泌尿系结石的发病率和复发率居高不下。本文旨在探讨泌尿系结石的预防策略，包括生活及运动习惯、饮食习惯、液体摄入、药物防治等几方面。通过了解这些措施，有助于预防泌尿系结石，降低患病率及复发率，从而提高患者的生活质量及减少相关支出。

Abstract: Urinary stones are a common urinary system disease, refers to the formation of solid crystalline deposits in the urinary system, the most common clinical kidney stones and ureteral stones. The specific formation mechanism of urinary stones is still unclear, and their formation may be related to a variety of factors. Currently, the mainstream doctrines mainly include renal calcified plaque, supersaturated crystals, inhibitor deficiency, and stromal theory. The formation mechanism is not yet clear. The clinic cannot be based on the formation mechanism of the stone for effective preventive measures and treatment methods, which further makes the incidence of urinary stones and recurrence rate remains high. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the preventive strategies of urinary stones, including living and exercise habits, dietary habits, fluid intake, drug prevention and treatment, and other aspects. By understanding these measures, it will help to prevent urinary stones and reduce the prevalence and recurrence rates, thus improving the quality of life of patients and reducing related expenditures.