基于VCG机制的个人数据交易机制设计与分析

Design and Analysis of Personal Data Transaction Mechanisms Based on VCG Mechanism

摘要: 个人数据作为数字生活的核心要素，支撑着现代产品与服务的创新与发展。在当前的商业环境中，个人数据的所有权与利用成为立法与实践关注的焦点。本文旨在通过设计新型的数据交易流程与分配机制，探索用户对其个人数据的所有权及其在数据市场中的价值实现。基于对现有数据定价模型的比较分析，提出了基于VCG机制的个人大数据定价模型，该模型综合考虑了信息熵、权重值、数据参考指数及成本等因素对数据价值的影响，实现了对数据价值的动态评估和正向定级。通过改进经典VCG机制引入交割支付规则，使其满足预算平衡约束，并激励交易者提供真实信息。通过理性分析与仿真实验得出该新型交易模式在交易速度和资源配置效率上均优于传统模式。

Abstract: As a core element of digital life, personal data supports the innovation and development of modern products and services. In the current business environment, the ownership and utilization of personal data have become a focus of legislative and practical attention. This paper aims to explore users’ ownership of their personal data and its value realization in the data market by designing a new type of data transaction process and distribution mechanism. Based on the comparative analysis of existing data pricing models, a personal big data pricing model based on the VCG mechanism is proposed, which comprehensively considers the impact of information entropy, weight value, data reference index, and cost on data value, and achieves dynamic assessment and positive grading of data value. The delivery payment rule is introduced by improving the classical VCG mechanism to make it satisfy the budget balance constraint and incentivize traders to provide real information. Rational analyses and simulation experiments conclude that this new trading model outperforms the traditional model in terms of trading speed and resource allocation efficiency.