隔代照料对祖辈身心健康的影响

The Impact of Intergenerational Care on the Physical and Mental Health of the Grandparents

摘要: 近十年来，我国出生率持续走低，2012年人口出生率14.57%，仅仅十年后的2021年，出生率几乎腰斩，仅有7.52%。虽然近几年国家为了鼓励生育，二胎、三胎政策相继实施，但新生儿的出生状况依然不容乐观，很大一部分原因在于幼童的抚养问题。年轻夫妻工作压力较大，孩子无法照料，加之目前托幼、抚幼机构的不完善，很大一部分的照料重担不可避免的落到了祖辈肩上。作为照料的主力军，隔代照料对老年人的影响结论还没有统一结论，既有相似的有利影响又有完全相反的不利影响，本文通过梳理文献比较隔代照料对老年人身心健康产生的影响，结合目前我国的发展情况提出一些对后续研究的思考和相关的政策建议。

Abstract: In the last decade, our birth rate has continued to decline, with a birth rate of 14.57% in 2012, then only in 2021, the birth rate almost halved, to only 7.52%. Although the State has implemented the two- and three-child policies in recent years in order to encourage childbirth, the situation of newborn births is still not optimistic, and a large part of the reason lies in the raising of young children. As young couples are under greater work pressure and are unable to care for their children, coupled with the imperfections of current childcare institutions, a large portion of the caregiving burden inevitably falls on the shoulders of grandparents. As the main force of caregiving, there is no uniform conclusion on the impact of intergenerational caregiving on the elderly, with both similar favorable impacts and completely opposite unfavorable impacts. This paper compares the impacts of intergenerational caregiving on the physical and mental health of the elderly by combing through the literature, and puts forward some reflections on the follow-up research and related policy recommendations in light of the current development in China.