基于四连杆的下肢矫形器机械膝关节和市面产品特性分析的综述——一种四连杆膝矫形器的相关分析

A Review of Mechanical Knee Joints Based on Four-Link Lower Limb Orthotics and Analysis of Market Product Characteristics—Correlation Analysis of a Four Link Knee Orthotic Device

摘要: 背景：下肢矫形器能够帮助老年人，下肢有疼痛、病变的年轻人等患者更平稳、安全地行走。市面机械膝关节的矫形器功能单一，适应症有限，不能满足大多数老年人、患者的需要。智能膝关节的下肢矫形器效果良好，价格昂贵。目的：设计一个简单可靠、适应面广的机械膝关节。方法：调查机械膝关节产品，了解不同类型的机械膝关节的原理在步态中起到的作用、适应症和失效形式。根据人体膝关节的解剖特点，利用四连杆的相对瞬时转动中心位置可变等优势。同时基于人体的解剖特性、运动生物力学、使用者下肢的运动障碍、机械原理来设计机械膝关节。结果：相比市面现有机械膝关节产品，四连杆机械膝关节能更好地满足大部分患者的需求；相较市面智能膝关节产品，四连杆膝关节能控制支撑期和摆动期的下肢运动，性价比高，允许大部分有需求的人士使用。结论：四连杆机械膝关节可以广泛用于批量装配当中，提高患者群体的生活质量。

Abstract: Background: Lower limb orthotics can help the elderly and young people with pain and lesions in the lower legs walk more smoothly and safely. Orthotics using mechanical knee joints on the market have single functions and limited indications which cannot meet the needs of most elderly people and patients. Lower limb orthotics using smart knees are effective but at the same time expensive. Objective: To design a simple, reliable, and widely adaptable mechanical knee joint. Methods: Investigating mechanical knee joint products to understand the role, indications, and failure modes of different types of mechanical knee joint principles in gait. According to the anatomical characteristics of the human knee joint, the mechanical knee joint is designed based on the anatomical characteristics of the human body, motion biomechanics, movement disorders of the user’s lower legs, and mechanical principles by taking the advantage of the four-link’s relatively instantaneous rotation center varying. Results: Compared with the existing mechanical knee joint products on the market, the four-link mechanical knee joint can better meet the needs of the elderly, people with lower leg pain and instability. Compared with the smart knee joint products on the market, the four-link knee joint, which is cost-effective and can be used by most people in need, can control lower legs movements in the support phase and swing phase. Conclusion: The four-link mechanical knee joint can be widely used in batch assembly to improve the quality of life of patients.