存在主义与精神分析交互视域下的自由与意义——弗兰克尔的意义分析研究

Freedom and Meaning in the Interactive Perspective of Existentialism and Psychoanalysis—A Study of Logotherapy by Frankl

摘要: 在存在主义哲学中，人似乎拥有绝对的自由，可以自主赋予人生意义乃至万物的意义；在精神分析学说中人的自由始终压抑，意义趋于缺失，两者看似站在非决定论与决定论不可调和的两端。弗兰克尔的意义分析在存在主义与精神分析的交互视域下，从更完整的维度出发，认为人虽然拥有受限的自由意志，但依然可以主动运用自由意志发现与实现人生的独特意义。人生的独特意义通过创造性价值、经验性价值及态度性价值三种价值体现，人通过创造与工作、爱及痛苦三种途径体验到三种价值。意义分析对自由与意义相对积极的解析对哲学探讨与人的现实生活都有重要意义。

Abstract: In existentialist philosophy, human beings seem to have absolute freedom and can independently give meaning to life and even to everything; In psychoanalytic doctrine, human freedom is always suppressed and meaning tends to be missing, and the two seem to stand at the irreconcilable ends of non-determinism and determinism. Frankl’s Logotherapy stands in the interactive field of existentialism and psychoanalysis, and from a more complete dimension, it is argued that although human beings have limited free will, they can still take the initiative to use their free will to discover and realise the unique significance of life. The unique meaning of life is expressed through three values: creative, experiential and attitudinal values, which are experienced through creation and work, love and suffering. Logotherapy’s relatively positive analysis of freedom and meaning has important implications for both philosophical inquiry and human reality.