现代汉语概数表达方式及留学生习得偏误研究

Research on the Ways of Expression of Approximate Number in Mandarin Chinese and the Acquisition Errors by Foreign Students

摘要: 概数词语在生活中常用来表达模糊的数量、时间、年龄。但是由于语系的不同，留学生在习得汉语概数表达方式时容易产生偏误，这就决定了针对现代汉语概数表达方式教学的必要性。本文通过统计《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》和《新汉语水平考试词汇大纲》中概数词的分布情况，总结出现代汉语中常用的概数表达方式，然后通过HSK语料库搜集整理了留学生在概数表达习得过程中产生的偏误，并从主客观等多方面分析其偏误产生的原因，以期对留学生概数表达方式的习得有所了解，最后提出相对应的教学建议。希望本文的一二见解可以更好地丰富对外汉语教学内容，对留学生习得概数表达有所帮助。

Abstract: People often use approximate numbers to express fuzzy number, time, age and so on. However, due to the different language families, foreign students are prone to errors in the acquisition of approximate number expression, which determines the necessity of teaching approximate number in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The author analyzes the distribution of approximate number words in Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education and Vocabulary Outline for the New HSK, and summarizes the common expressions of approximate numbers that foreign students can acquire and the conditions for their use. The author also collects the types and causes of biased errors in the process of learning approximate numbers through HSK corpus, and raises some relative teaching suggestions. The author hopes that this paper can enrich the content of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and provide some reference in terms of teaching materials, teaching ideas and teaching methods. The author also hopes that this study can help international students acquire the ways of expression of approximate number, reduce their grammar errors, and better assist them in learning Chinese.