临澧县脐橙园土壤特性及其改良策略

Soil Characteristics and Improvement Countermeasures of Navel Orange Orchard in Linli County

摘要: 弄清脐橙园土壤养分特征及丰缺状况，为科学施肥提供理论依据。采集临澧县296个脐橙园土壤样品，测定土壤pH、有机质和速效氮磷钾养分含量状况，采用相关性分析揭示了土壤pH、有机质与养分之间的关系，提出了土壤培肥改良对策。结果表明：脐橙园土壤pH平均值为5.38，酸化严重，58.78%土壤处于酸性和强酸性；土壤有机质含量平均值为20.73 g/kg，属于适宜水平，但仍有47.29%土壤有机质含量处于低量水平；62.50%土壤碱解氮含量处于高含量水平；土壤有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾的缺乏比例分别为45.61%、43.92%和66.22%。Pearson相关分析显示，土壤pH值与土壤有效磷呈极显著正相关、与速效钾呈显著正相关；土壤有机质含量与碱解氮呈极显著正相关，与缓效钾含量呈显著负相关。针对临澧县脐橙园土壤养分特征及丰缺状况，提出科学的培肥改良对策，并根据不同土壤肥力状况制定合理方案。

Abstract: To clarify the soil nutrient characteristics, abundance and deficiency of navel orange orchard, and theoretical basis for scientific fertilization will be provide. 296 soil samples were collected in Navel orange orchard in Linli County to determine soil pH, organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The relationship between soil pH, organic matter and nutrients was revealed by correlation analysis, and the countermeasures for soil fertilizer improvement were put forward. The results showed that the average pH value of the soil was 5.38, the acidification was serious, and 58.78% of the soil was acidic or strongly acidic in Navel Orange orchard. The average content of soil organic matter is 20.73 g/kg, which belongs to the suitable level, and 47.29% of soil organic matter content is at the low level. 62.50% soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was in high level. The deficiency ratios of available P, quick available K and slow available K were 45.61%, 43.92% and 66.22%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with soil available phosphorus and available potassium. The content of soil organic matter was positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and negatively correlated with slow-available potassium. According to the soil nutrient characteristics and the condition of abundance and deficiency of navel orange orchard in Linli County, the scientific countermeasures of fertilizer improvement were put forward, and reasonable plans were made according to different soil fertility conditions.