杭州市三级医院医务人员健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Study on Health Literacy Level and Influencing Factors of Medical Staff in the Tertiary Hospital of Hangzhou City

摘要: 目的：了解杭州市三级医院医务人员健康素养水平及影响因素，为制定提升健康素养水平的相关政策提供科学依据。方法：采用随机抽样的方法，确定杭州市四家三级医院≤60周岁的在职医务人员为调查对象。采用中国健康教育中心统一编订的《全国居民健康素养调查问卷》并补充医务人员的人口学特征、职业特点等进行问卷调查。用SPSS26.0软件进行统计分析，采用χ²检验、χ²趋势检验、多元Logistic回归进行分析。结果：回收问卷870份，有效问卷775份，问卷有效率89.08%。调查对象的整体健康素养水平为67.1%。不同性别之间的健康素养水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；不同年龄之间的医务人员健康素养水平差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，以40~60岁年龄组最高(95.31%)；不同BMI的医务人员健康素养水平差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，体重正常的医务人员水平最高(90.26%)；有危害健康的生活方式比没有的健康素养水平要高(P < 0.05)；健康素养水平有随职称、获取健康信息的频率、健康重视程度的升高而升高(P < 0.05)。结论：医务人员的健康素养水平有待提高，其健康素养的水平与性别、职称、BMI、获取健康的主动程度有关，平时愿意主动获取健康信息、经常获取健康信息、BMI正常、高年龄段、高级职称的医务人员健康素养水平相对较高。低年龄段、初级及中级职称的医务人员的健康素养水平有待提高。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the level of health literacy and its influencing factors of medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou City, and provide scientific basis for specifying health-related policies. Methods: A random sampling method was used to determine the medical working staff under the age of 60 in four tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou City. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the form of the “National Health Literacy Questionnaire for Residents” compiled by the China Health Education Center and the self-developed questionnaire based on the professional characteristics of medical staff. SPSS26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and χ² test, χ² trend test and multiple Logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: 870 questionnaires were distributed and 775 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.08%. The overall health literacy level of the respondents was 67.1%. There was significant difference in the level of health literacy between different sexes (P < 0.05). The difference of health literacy level of medical staff among different ages was statistically significant (P < 0.05), with the highest level in the 40~60 age group (95.31%). The level of health literacy of medical staff with different BMI was significantly different (P < 0.05), and the level of medical staff with normal weight was the highest (90.26%). The level of health-related lifestyle is higher than that of non-health-related lifestyle (P < 0.05). The level of health literacy increased with the increase of professional title, the frequency of obtaining health information, and the importance of health (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The level of health literacy of medical staff needs to be improved. The level of health literacy is related to gender, professional title, BMI, and the degree of initiative to obtain health. The level of health literacy of medical staff who are willing to actively obtain health information at ordinary times, often obtain health information, have normal BMI, high age group, and high professional title is relatively high. We should strengthen the health education for medical personnel with low age, primary and intermediate professional titles, and improve their attention to health, so as to improve their health literacy level.