低倍聚光光伏充电站设计及仿真研究

Design and Simulation of Low-Power Concentrating Photovoltaic Charging Station

摘要: 基于上海市某停车场，设计了一套低倍聚光光伏充电系统。首先对该系统的散热模块进行了数值模拟，发现2020年四个季节中环境温度最高和辐射强度最大时间段的电池最高温度分别为69℃、85℃、73℃、53℃，处于光伏电池正常温度范围内(−40℃~90℃)，说明该聚光光伏电池能够可靠运行。其次用Simulink对光伏电池子系统进行了仿真，对发电量进行了预测，得到2020年8月日均发电量最高为536 KWh，12月日均发电量最低为145 KWh，年总发电量为125262 kWh；对整个系统的充电需求量和发电量进行了仿真，结果显示：在发电量最小的那一天发电量不能满足白天充电需求量，其余白天中系统发电量均能满足充电需求量；发电量的分布显示：40%~50%的发电量直接用于充电，其余的发电量输入电网。最后预估系统的经济性：5年可以收回成本，14年可以收益100万元。

Abstract: Based on a parking lot in Shanghai, a low-power concentrated photovoltaic charging system was designed. Firstly, the heat dissipation module of the system was digitally simulated, and found that the highest temperature of the battery in the period of the highest ambient temperature and the maximum radiation intensity in the four seasons in 2020 were 69˚C, 85˚C, 73˚C and 53˚C respectively, which were within the normal temperature range of the photovoltaic cell (−40˚C~90˚C), indicating that the concentrating photovoltaic cell can operate reliably. Secondly, Simulink was used to simulate the photovoltaic cell subsystem and predict the generating capacity. It was obtained that the highest average daily generating capacity in August 2020 was 536 KWh, the minimum average daily power generation in December was 145 KWh, and the total annual generating capacity was 125262 kWh. The charging demand of the whole system was simulated. The results showed that: on the day when the generating capacity was the smallest, the generating capacity cannot meet the charging demand, while on the other days the generating capacity can meet the charging demand. The distribution of generating capacity showed that 40%~50% of the generating capacity was used directly for charging, while the rest was fed into the grid. Finally, the economy of the system was estimated: the cost can be recovered in 5 years, and the profit can be 1 million yuan in 14 years.