孔子“中庸”与亚里士多德“中道”对比探究

A Comparative Study of Confucius’s “Doctrine of the Mean” and Aristotle's “Golden Mean”

摘要: “中庸”思想是儒家思想的重要组成部分之一，也是从古到今中国哲学的重要思想之一。“中庸”萌芽于中国历史悠久的尧舜禹时期，确立于先秦时期。“中庸”的相关概念最早由儒家创始人孔子提出来，“中庸”思想不仅是我们中国人在为人处世方面的最高准则，更是我们不断追求的自身最高修身境界。被誉为“古代最伟大的思想家”的古希腊哲学家亚里士多德，也提出了非常著名的中道理论，中道观是伦理德性，是实践产生，是一种阶级的政治理论。孔子的中庸思想和亚里士多德的中道观有相似之处，也有许多的不同之处，了解两者的异同，是非常重要的。本文将对孔子中庸之道和亚里士多德中道观的内涵进行基本阐释，然后比较分析两者的异同。

Abstract: The concept of “doctrine of the mean” is an important part of Confucian thought and has also been an important thought in Chinese philosophy from ancient times to the present. The concept of “doctrine of the mean” originated in the long historical period of Yao, Shun and Yu in China, and was established in the Pre-Qin period. The related concepts of “doctrine of the mean” were first put forward by the founder of Confucianism, Confucius. The concept of “doctrine of the mean” is not only the highest ethical standard for Chinese people in their daily lives, but also the highest level of self-cultivation that we constantly strive for. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who was hailed as “the greatest philosopher of ancient times,” also proposed the well-known golden mean, which is an ethical virtue, arises from practice, and is a hierarchical political theory. There are similarities and differences between Confucius’ concept of doctrine of the mean and Aristotle’s golden mean, and it is very important to understand the similarities and differences between the two. This paper will provide a basic explanation of the connotation of Confucius’ concept of doctrine of the mean and Aristotle’s golden mean, and then compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the two.