“哲人下降”的出场背景、表现形态与哲学实质——基于《理想国》开篇隐喻的解读

The Background, Manifestation and Philosophical Essence of “Descent of the Philosophers”—Based on Interpretations of the Metaphors at the Beginning of The Republic

摘要: 柏拉图在《理想国》中通过一系列隐喻构建起了他的哲学思想，其卷一作为全书的开篇，蕴含着丰富的隐喻，柏拉图安排了苏格拉底这位哲人的“下降”，以此拉开了《理想国》这部哲学戏剧的序幕，开启了政治哲学的解救之路。通过解读《理想国》开篇中“本荻丝女神”、“下抵佩雷欧斯港”以及“食物”等隐喻蕴涵的深刻意蕴，探讨“哲人下降”的出场背景、表现形态与哲学实质，尝试理解柏拉图正在搭建的书中世界的第一部分的思想，以期对《理想国》的把握更加深入。

Abstract: Plato constructed his philosophical ideas through a series of metaphors in The Republic. As the beginning of this book, Volume 1 contains rich metaphors. Plato arranged the “descent” of Socrates to open the prelude to the philosophical drama of The Republic and embark on the path of political philosophy’s salvation. By interpreting the profound implications of metaphors such as “Goddess Bendis”, “went down to the Piraeus”, and “food” at the beginning of The Republic, this paper explores the background, manifestation, and philosophical essence of “descent of the philosophers”, and attempts to understand the ideas of the first part of the world in Plato’s book, in order to gain a deeper understanding of The Republic.