电商平台经营者一般性安全保障义务的规范基础探寻

Exploring the Normative Basis of the General Safety and Security Obligations of E-Commerce Platform Operators

摘要: 2018年，《电子商务法》将电子商务平台经营者负有安全保障义务明确规定其中，为进一步维护消费者权益提供了更有效的法律支撑，对促进我国电商行业更好更快发展具有重要作用。电子商务平台经营者作为危险源的开启者和控制者，作为开启危险源的既得利益者，其对消费者所开启的风险不止限于生命健康权利方面，还包括了其他非人身权益方面，即电商平台一般性安全保障义务具有存在的正当性。然《电子商务法》第三十八条中仅明确规定了电商平台对消费者的生命健康方面承担安全保障义务，电商平台的一般性安全保障义务适用基础为何则存在着疑问，故本文通过对《电子商务法》第三十八条进行解释论上的重构，为平台一般性安全保障义务找到适用的规范基础，以期更好保障消费者合法权益。

Abstract: In 2018, the E-commerce Law explicitly stipulated that e-commerce platform operators had the obligation to ensure safety, providing more effective legal support for further safeguarding consumer rights and interests, and playing an important role in promoting the better and faster development of China’s e-commerce industry. As the initiator and controller of hazards, and the vested interest owner who initiates hazards, e-commerce platform operators’ risks to consumers are not limited to life and health rights, but also include other non-personal rights and interests. In other words, the general safety guarantee obligation of e-commerce platforms is justified. However, Article 38 of the E-commerce Law only explicitly stipulates that e-commerce platforms have the obligation to ensure the safety of consumers’ life and health. There are doubts about the basis for the application of the general safety guarantee obligation of e-commerce platforms. Therefore, this paper reconstructs Article 38 of the E-commerce Law theoretically to find the applicable normative basis for the general safety guarantee obligation of platforms, in order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.