基于SBAS-InSAR的中老铁路玉溪化念段地表形变监测研究

Research on Surface Deformation Monitoring of the Yuxi-Huanian Section of the China-Laos Railway Based on SBAS-InSAR

摘要: 地面沉降是一种缓变型地质灾害，具有发展缓慢、影响范围广泛和防治难度大等特点，对城市建设、社会发展和居民日常生活构成潜在威胁。中老铁路玉溪化念段途经大营街街道、高仓街道、研和镇、化念镇几个主要乡镇，监测区域内地面沉降现象，对其安全运营具有重要影响。本研究基于多主影像的小基线集技术(SBAS-InSAR)，选取时间跨度为2020年9月~2023年9月共32景Sentinel-1A的升轨SLC数据，采用VV的极化方式对中老铁路玉溪化念段沿线经过地区进行地表形变监测。研究结果表明：① 研究区地表整体沉降速率明显大于抬升速率，沉降分布状况集中于研究区东北部，中心最大年均沉降速率达−71.65 mm/a。② 玉溪站到研和站的线路段为严重沉降区，其最严重的年平均沉降速率可达−65.41 mm/a。③ 玉溪站和研和站呈现出显著的地表沉降趋势，而峨山站则展示了地表抬升的特性，突显了地质活动、水文条件和人类工程活动在地表形变中的综合作用。

Abstract: Land subsidence is a type of slow-moving geological hazard characterized by its gradual development, wide impact range, and high difficulty of prevention and control, posing potential threats to urban construction, social development, and people’s lives. The China-Laos Railway section from Yuxi to Huadian passes through several key towns, including Daying Street, Gaocang Street, Yanhe Town, and Huadian Town. Assessing the development of land subsidence in this area is crucial for the safe operation of the railway. This study utilizes the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS-InSAR) technique based on multi-master images, selecting a total of 32 ascending orbit SLC datasets from Sentinel-1A, covering the period from September 2020 to September 2023, using VV polarization to monitor surface deformation along the Yuxi-Huanian section of the China-Laos Railway. The results indicate that: ① The overall subsidence rate of the surface in the study area is significantly greater than the uplift rate, with subsidence concentrated in the northeastern part of the study area, where the maximum annual average subsidence rate reaches −71.65 mm/a. ② The section from Yuxi Station to Yanhe Station is identified as a severe subsidence area, with the most severe annual average subsidence rate reaching −65.41 mm/a. ③ Yuxi Station and Yanhe Station exhibit significant surface subsidence trends, while Eshan Station shows characteristics of surface uplift, highlighting the combined effects of geological activity, hydrological conditions, and human engineering activities on surface deformation.