数字经济背景下平台垄断：形成逻辑、实践出路及治理策略

Platform Monopoly under the Background of Digital Economy: Forming Logic, Practical Outlet and Governance Strategy

摘要: 数字时代背景下，依托数字平台的网络效应、动态竞争、寡头竞争的特征，规模经济和网络效应的功能趋向放大，数字技术驱动带来的颠覆性创新性效应也在市场中产生影响。平台企业背靠数据优势与资本实力，对用户数据、流量等进行大范围的收集、运用，以此达到其撷取各个市场中的份额、无限拓展领域及商业疆界，从而形成平台垄断现象。在实践中具体表现为价格歧视、数据垄断及掠夺性定价的行为，这对我国反垄断监管执法提出了不小挑战。为顺应数字经济与平台经济的发展规律，应规范平台企业业务范围、加快数据立法与建设进度及创设小平台企业的市场准入门槛。

Abstract: In the context of the digital era, relying on the characteristics of network effects, dynamic competition and oligarchic competition of digital platforms, the functions of scale economies and network effects tend to be amplified, and the disruptive and innovative effects driven by digital technology also have an impact on the market. Platform enterprises rely on data advantages and capital strength to collect and use user data and traffic in a wide range, so as to capture the share of various markets, expand the field and business boundaries indefinitely, and thus form platform monopoly. In practice, it is manifested as price discrimination, data monopoly and predatory pricing, which poses a great challenge to our country’s anti-monopoly supervision and law enforcement. In order to comply with the development law of digital economy and platform economy, the business scope of platform enterprises should be regulated, the progress of data legislation and construction should be accelerated, and the market access threshold of small platform enterprises should be created.