云制造下基于时空熵权TOPSIS和SOM聚类的区域绿色制造发展水平测度研究

Research on Regional Green Manufacturing Development Level Measurement Based on Temporal and Spatial Entropy Weighted TOPSIS and SOM Clustering in Cloud Manufacturing

摘要: 当前，中国正经历以数字化和绿色化为主题的第四次工业革命时期。在数字经济腾飞，智能制造转型的浪潮中，各地制造业积极响应国家号召，涌现出不少新兴智能绿色制造企业。本文通过时空熵权TOPSIS评价法对2012~2021年中国30个省份的绿色制造水平进行了测度，构建了绿色排放、绿色质效、科技创新、资源利用、绿色治理五个维度的指标。研究发现：1) 在东、中、西部地区中，东部地区绿色制造发展水平常年处于领先水平，而中、西部地区相对较低，其中，“四绿”的建设发展是影响区域绿色制造发展水平的重要因素；2) 整体趋势显示，2012~2015年，不论是东部还是中西部地区，绿色制造发展指数呈下降趋势，直到2016年，“绿色制造”概念的提出及“四绿”建设扭转了这一趋势，缓解了经济发展与环境保护矛盾；3) 历年绿色制造发展水平可划分为四个梯队，第一梯队数量逐年增加，但第四梯队仍较高，主要集中在中、西部，尤其是西部，中、西绿色制造发展水平不足问题依然突出。最后，论文提出了云制造资源优化配置的管理建议。

Abstract: Currently, China is experiencing a period of the fourth industrial revolution themed on intelligence and greening. In the wave of digital economy taking off and smart manufacturing transformation, manufacturing industries around the world have actively responded to the national call, and many emerging smart manufacturing enterprises have emerged. This paper measures the green manufacturing level of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021 through the spatio-temporal entropy weighted TOPSIS evaluation method, and constructs indicators in five dimensions: green emission, green quality and efficiency, scientific and technological innovation, resource utilization, and green governance. The study found that: 1) The development level of green manufacturing in the eastern region has been high, while the central and western regions are relatively low, and the construction of the “four greens” is an important factor influencing the development level of regional green manufacturing; 2) The overall trend shows that from 2012 to 2015, the green manufacturing development index in both eastern and central and western regions showed a downward trend, until 2016, when the concept of “green manufacturing” and the construction of the “four greens” reversed the trend and alleviated the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection; 3) The level of green manufacturing development in the past years can be divided into four echelons, with the first echelon increasing year by year, but the fourth echelon is still relatively low. The first echelon is increasing year by year, but the fourth echelon is still higher, mainly concentrated in the central and western parts of the country, especially in the west, where the problem of insufficient development level of green manufacturing in the central and western parts of the country is still prominent. Finally, the paper proposes management suggestions for optimizing resource allocation in cloud manufacturing.