从语言比较的角度看中西方“家”哲学的异同

The Similarities and Differences in the Philosophy of “Family” between the East and the West from the Perspective of Language Comparison

摘要: 语言反映着一个民族的哲学世界，同时也极为容易裹挟该民族哲学运思的线性发展。“家”的观念于中西方社会，在具备一定共性的同时，又存有迥异的语言现象。西方“个人–社会”两极语言模式压缩“家”在哲学上的讨论空间，并由宗教语言中的“神家”接管“人家”。但“家”在中国传统哲学、中华文明几千年的漫长历史中始终占有中心位置，汉语言中将“家”广泛地交集在个人与社群当中，避免走上被“个体”和“社会”架空的境地，展现着“家”是中国人活动的中心，以及家人一体、家国一体的观念。

Abstract: Language reflects the philosophical world of a nation, and at the same time, it is very easy to engulf the linear development of the nation’s philosophical thinking. The concept of “family” in Chinese and Western societies has certain commonalities, but also has very different linguistic phenomena. The Western “individual-society” bipolar language model compresses the space for philosophical discussion of “family”, and the “divine family” in religious language takes over the “family”. However, “family” has always occupied a central position in traditional Chinese philosophy and the long history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, and the Chinese language widely intersects “family” among individuals and communities, avoiding being overshadowed by “individuals” and “society”, showing that “family” is the center of Chinese activities, as well as the concept of family unity and family and country.