恩施方言“X起个N”框式结构探究

Exploration of the Frame Structure of “X Qi Ge N” in Enshi Dialect

摘要: 在恩施方言中，人们常常会说“鼓起个眼睛”、“聋起个耳朵”、“伸起个脑壳”、“闪起个腰”这样既具有不变项，又具有可变项的结构，由于经常这样使用，这个结构逐渐具有了固定的、独特的语义内涵和语用功能。该框式结构对可变项的成分有着严格的限制，其中可变项“X”多为动词，少数是形容词，“N”为与身体部位有关的名词。此外，我们对该结构的语义内涵和语用功能进行了分析，在语义上，该结构有着描述某种行为动作和表达某种负面评价的语义内涵。在语用上，该框式结构能够在不同的语境中起到表达说话人不同的感情态度，增强情感表达效果的作用。最后，我们也对该框式结构的历史来源做了探究，我们认为该框式结构可能来源于“V起一个N”这一结构。“X起个N”框式结构在恩施人民的日常交际中发挥着重要的作用，有着一定的研究价值。

Abstract: In the Enshi dialect, people often say structures such as “bulge Qi Ge eye”, “deafen Qi Ge ear”, “extend Qi Ge head”, and “dodge Qi Ge waist”, which have both invariants and variables. Due to their frequent use, this structure gradually has a fixed and unique semantic connotation and pragmatic function. This frame structure has strict limitations on the components of variables, with variable “X” mostly being a verb, a few being adjectives, and “N” being a noun related to body parts. In addition, we have analyzed the semantic connotation and pragmatic function of this structure. In terms of semantics, this structure has the semantic connotation of describing a certain behavioral action and expressing a certain negative evaluation. In terms of pragmatics, this frame structure can play a role in expressing the speaker’s different emotional attitudes in different contexts, enhancing the effectiveness of emotional expression. Finally, we also explored the historical origin of the frame structure, and we believe that it may have originated from the structure of “V Qi Yi Ge N”. The frame structure of “X Qi Ge N” plays an important role in the daily communication of Enshi people and has certain research value.