欧盟反跨境补贴规制：实践、影响及因应

EU Anti-Cross-Border Subsidy Regulation: Practice, Impact and Response

摘要: 欧盟普通法院于2023年3月1日作出两项针对埃及进口产品征收反补贴税的裁决，确认跨境补贴可根据《反补贴条例》予以反补贴。根据欧盟普通法院的说法，中国向国有企业境外子公司提供的“一带一路”补贴可以通过适用国际法原则合法地“归于”埃及政府，视为埃及政府提供，此做法违反《补贴与反补贴措施协定》，不具有WTO合规性。欧盟开展跨境补贴反补贴规制，歧视性地针对中国企业的跨境投资，有碍中国企业“走出去”，是贸易保护主义和规则制华的体现。国际层面应当改进SCM协议补贴规则，国内层面我国应履行WTO补贴规则的义务，推动国内补贴改革，积极参与跨境补贴的国际规则谈判，中国企业应加强合规审查与应对，共同维护中国和“一带一路”国家和地区的利益。

Abstract: On March 1, 2023, the General Court of the European Union issued two rulings on the imposition of countervailing duties on Egyptian imports, confirming that cross-border subsidies can be countervailing under Anti-Subsidy Basic Regulation. According to the EU General Court, “Belt and Road” subsidies provided by China to foreign subsidiaries of state-owned enterprises can be legally “attributed” to the Egyptian government through the application of international law principles, as provided by the Egyptian government, which is in violation of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and is not WTO compliant. The EU’s cross-border subsidies and countervailing regulations are a tendency of trade protectionism, which adversely affects China’s investment and hinders Chinese enterprises from “going global”. At the international level, the subsidy rules of the SCM agreement should be improved. At the domestic level, China should fulfill the obligations of the WTO subsidy rules, promote the reform of domestic subsidies, and actively participate in the international regulation negotiations on cross-border subsidies. Chinese enterprises should strengthen the compliance review and response, and jointly safeguard the interests of China and the “Belt and Road” countries and regions.