从参与到共生：新乡贤助力农村养老的现实困境与推进路径

From Participation to Symbiosis: The Realistic Dilemma and the Path of Promotion of New Rural Talents in Assisting Rural Pension

摘要: 新乡贤作为促进乡村振兴的一种新型人才资源，成为解决农村养老难题的关键力量。然而，由于新乡贤在参与农村养老作中的角色定位模糊，以及农村地区社会转型等原因，新乡贤在助力农村养老的实践过程中面临着合作困境、主体困境和信任困境。因此，文章基于共生理论，从完善多元主体协同结构、构建互惠保障机制、重塑乡村合作信任三个方面构建农村养老共生模式，实现新乡贤助力农村养老实践从“参与”到“共生”的转变。通过提高新乡贤同农村社会的融合度，不断提升新乡贤助力作用的有效性，以期有效缓解农村地区养老困境。

Abstract: As a new type of talent resource for promoting rural revitalisation, new rural talents have become a key force in solving rural pension problems. However, due to the ambiguous role positioning of new rural talents in participating in rural pension work and the social transformation in rural areas, new rural talents face cooperation dilemmas, subject dilemmas and trust dilemmas in the process of helping rural pension practice. Therefore, based on the theory of symbiosis, this paper constructs a symbiosis model for rural pension in three aspects, namely, improving the structure of the synergy of multiple subjects, constructing a reciprocal guarantee mechanism, and reshaping the trust of rural cooperation, so as to realize the transformation of the new rural talents’ contribution to the rural pension practice from “participation” to “symbiosis”. By increasing the degree of integration between new rural talents and rural society, the effectiveness of the role of new rural talents’ assistance will be continuously improved, with a view to effectively alleviating the plight of the elderly in rural areas.