我国制造业企业组织韧性指标体系构建及综合评价

Construction and Comprehensive Evaluation of Organizational Resilience Index System of Manufacturing Enterprises in China

摘要: 随着VUCA时代的到来，经济环境变化速度加快，传统商业模式面临巨大的挑战，企业韧性对企业的长远发展至关重要。为全面评估我国制造业企业危机应对与风险承受能力，我们基于国内外组织韧性研究文献，结合制造业现状，解析企业韧性内涵，并确立了防御能力、反应能力、恢复能力和成长能力四大评价指标。采用熵权法进行科学评价，分析企业韧性得分的时间动态，揭示其演变趋势。同时，以股权性质区分国企与民企，以2022年为界，对比分析两类企业在各指标上的表现差异。研究结果表明：1) 供应链集中度、销售增长率、数字化转型程度以及研发投入等对于企业韧性都有着较为显著的影响；2) 中国制造业企业的组织韧性普遍偏低，反应能力较强，成长能力和防御能力基本一致且偏弱；3) 制造业企业韧性逐年稳步上升；4) 民营企业在反应能力和成长能力方面表现出色，其他企业恢复能力占据了优势。

Abstract: With the advent of the VUCA era, the speed of economic change is accelerating, and traditional business models are facing tremendous challenges. Enterprise resilience is crucial to the long-term development of enterprises. To evaluate the ability of Chinese manufacturing enterprises to respond to crises and bear risks, on the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign literature on the connotation and measurement methods of organizational resilience, combined with the development status of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, defense ability, response ability, recovery ability, and growth ability were selected as evaluation indicators to evaluate enterprise resilience by the en-tropy weight method. Taking time as a clue, the change of enterprise resilience score was analyzed. Taking the nature of equity as a distinction, 2022 is used as a node to explore the performance of different enterprises such as state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in various indicators of corporate resilience. The results show that: 1) Supply chain concentration, sales growth rate, dig-ital transformation degree and R&D investment have a significant impact on enterprise resilience; 2) The organizational resilience of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is generally low, the response ability is strong, and the growth ability and defense ability are basically the same and weak; 3) The resilience of manufacturing enterprises has steadily increased year by year; 4) Private enterprises have performed well in terms of responsiveness and growth ability, and other enterprises have an advantage in recovery ability.