非自杀性自伤青少年自杀风险与父母教养方式的相关研究

A Correlation Study on Suicide Risk and Parental Rearing Patterns in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Adolescents

摘要: 目的：探讨南充市非自杀性自伤行为青少年自杀风险与父母的教养行为的相关性。方法：采用宗氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)、宗氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、中文版Beck自杀意念量表(BSI-CV)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对照研究82名存在自伤行为的青少年的心理状态和父母教养方式。结果：观察组多子女家庭、留守儿童，离异家庭比例较对照组高(P < 0.05)；观察组焦虑、抑郁、自杀风险评分均高于对照组(t = −8.433, −7.682, −13.622, P < 0.05)；观察组父母亲情感温暖理解均低于对照组(t = 4.331, 13.891, P < 0.05)，父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲拒绝否认高于对照组(t = −9.143, −8.441, −6.672, −2.901, P < 0.05)；多元线性回归分析显示影响自伤青少年自杀风险的因素是父过度保护(β = 0.475, P < 0.01)、母亲过分保护过分干涉(β = 1.136, P < 0.01)。结论：非自杀性自伤的青少年在女性、多子女家庭、离异家庭和留守儿童家庭更多；这些家庭中存在诸多不良父母教养方式；父亲过度保护、母亲过分保护过分干涉是非自杀性自伤青少年出现自杀风险的危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between suicide risk and parenting behaviors among adolescents with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in Nanchong City. Methods: The psychological status and parenting styles of 82 adolescents with self-injurious behavior were studied in a controlled manner using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Beck Scale for suicide ideation-Chinese Version (BSI-CV), and Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU). Results: The observation group had a higher proportion of large families, left-behind children, and divorced families than the control group (P < 0.05); the anxiety, depression, and suicide risk scores were higher in the observation group than the control group (t = −8.433, −7.682, −13.622, P < 0.05); the parental warmth and understanding were lower in the observation group than the control group (t = −8.433, −7.682, −13.622, P < 0.05), scores of punitive, harsh, overly intrusive from father, scores of overly intrusive and overprotecting from mother were higher than the control group (t = −9.143, −8.441, −6.672, −2.901, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the risk of suicide in self-injured adolescents were father overprotection (β = 0.475, P < 0.01) and mother overprotection over interference (β = 1.136, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is more common among adolescents in families with females, multiple children, divorced parents, and left-behind children. These families often exhibit numerous negative parenting practices. Excessive protection by fathers and overprotection and excessive interference by mothers are risk factors for the emergence of suicidal tendencies among adolescents who engage in NSSI.