先决问题的司法适用阶段厘清

Clarification of the Judicial Application Stage of Preliminary Questions

摘要: 随着新先决问题构成要件、“广义的先决问题”、“真正的先决问题”的提出，衍生出先决问题是否存在于管辖权确立阶段这一重要问题，也就是需要进一步对先决问题的司法适用阶段进行厘清。学界中存在“程序性先决问题”和“实体性先决问题”的分类，本文从“程序上的先决问题”和“程序性先决问题”对比分析入手，通过对三个司法判决对“真假先决问题”进行说理阐述，提出“先决问题本身的管辖权问题”、“主要问题本身的管辖权问题”、“先决问题”和“主要问题”之间的关系，否定“程序上的先决问题”，肯定部分“程序性先决问题”，最后提出针对此种分类的修改建议，认为应更改为“确定诉的合法性过程中产生的先决问题”和“处理法律关系的先决问题”更为恰当。

Abstract: With the introduction of the elements of new preliminary questions, “broad preliminary questions”, and “true preliminary questions”, the important question of whether preliminary questions exist in the stage of jurisdiction establishment has emerged, which requires further clarification of the judicial application stage of preliminary questions. There are classifications of “procedural preliminary questions” and “substantive preliminary questions” in the academic community. This article starts with a comparative analysis of “procedural preliminary questions” and “procedural preliminary questions”, and through the reasoning and explanation of three judicial judgments on “true and false preliminary questions”, proposes the relationship between “the jurisdiction problem of the preliminary questions itself”, “the jurisdiction problem of the main problem itself”, “the preliminary question” and “the main problem”, negates “procedural preliminary questions”, affirms some “procedural preliminary questions”, and finally proposes modification suggestions for this classification, believing that it should be changed to “the preliminary question generated in the process of determining the legality of the lawsuit” and “the preliminary question for handling legal relation-ships is more appropriate”.