浅析托马斯·库恩的“范式”理论

A Brief Analysis of Thomas Kuhn’s “Paradigm” Theory

摘要: 自托马斯·库恩从《科学革命的结构》中提出“范式”，这种理论就对科学哲学和科学史领域做出了重大贡献。“范式”既代表着一个特定共同体成员共有的信念、价值等构成的整体，又代表着这个整体的某种精神要素，它指引着该共同体的功能本文。“范式”在本质上是一种知识生产方式和知识存在方式，是科学共同体的世界观基础和方法论遵循，为科学共同体提供研究根据、实践标准和价值方向。库恩的范式理论对我们理解科学进步如何发生产生了深远的影响，并改变了我们对科学史的思考方式。

Abstract: Since Thomas Kuhn proposed “paradigm” from the Structure of Scientific Revolutions, this theory has made significant contributions to the field of philosophy and history of science. “Paradigm” not only represents the whole composed of the beliefs and values shared by the members of a particular community, but also represents some spiritual elements of this whole, which guides the function of the community. In essence, “paradigm” is a way of knowledge production and knowledge existence, which is the basis of the world view and methodology of the scientific community, and provides the research basis, practice standard and value direction for the scientific community. Kuhn’s paradigm theory has had a profound impact on our understanding of how scientific progress occurs and has changed the way we think about the history of science.