磨牙后间隙的研究进展

Research Progress on Posterior Molar Space

摘要: 在矫治中，间隙是经过拔牙、牙弓拓宽以及邻面去釉等方式实现，其中，磨牙远移作为矢状向牙弓扩展的优选方法备受瞩目。在传统推磨牙远移的众多技术手段中，从传统推磨牙远移的许多技术方案中，还能够发现分裂簧活动矫治器、摆式矫治器和口外弓结合颈带牵引等新技术的应用。但由于这种方式在磨牙远移的过程中，往往面临着支抗丧失的难题，这无疑增加了治疗的复杂性和风险性。为了确保治疗效果，患者的高度配合度显得尤为重要，这对于保证支抗的稳定性和治疗的顺利进行具有不可替代的作用。随着骨支抗技术的演进，磨牙远移的适用情形正在逐渐拓展，其应用范围日益广泛，其移动距离也显著增加。但是，在保证疗效的同时，安全问题也不容忽视，这就使得正畸学家们越来越重视磨牙后间隙的解剖边界。本章将试图对磨牙后间隙的影响原因以及临床应用情况做出总结。

Abstract: In orthodontic treatment, the gap is achieved by tooth extraction, dental arch widening and interproximal deglazing. Among them, molar distalization has attracted much attention as a preferred method for sagittal arch expansion. Among the many technical means of traditional molar distalization, from many technical schemes of traditional molar distalization, the application of new technologies such as split spring active appliance, pendulum appliance and extraoral arch combined with neck belt traction can also be found. However, this method often faces the problem of anchorage loss in the process of molar distalization, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and risk of treatment. In order to ensure the therapeutic effect, the patient’s high degree of cooperation is particularly important, which plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the stability of the anchorage and the smooth progress of the treatment. With the evolution of bone anchorage technology, the application of molar distalization is gradually expanding, its application scope is becoming more and more extensive, and its moving distance is also increasing significantly. However, while ensuring the efficacy, safety issues cannot be ignored, which makes orthodontists pay more and more attention to the anatomical boundary of the posterior molar space. This chapter will try to summarize the causes of the influence of the retromolar space and the clinical application.