屏幕暴露对孤独症儿童发育水平的影响研究

Study of the Effects of Screen Exposure on Developmental Levels in Autistic Children

摘要: 目的：调查孤独症儿童屏幕暴露情况及分析屏幕暴露对孤独症儿童发育水平的影响。方法：选取2022年9月至2023年9月来我科心理门诊的ASD儿童62例为研究对象。其中男孩59例，女孩3例，平均年龄(4.31 ± 1.02)岁。研究组和对照组各31人。根据电子屏幕暴露情况分为屏幕暴露组(>1 h/d)例和非屏幕暴露组(≤1 h/d)，使用《GESELL》《ABC》《PEP-3》评价两组儿童的发育水平。结果：1) 孤独症儿童初次接触屏幕的平均月龄为15.32，主要的屏幕暴露类型是电视(40.91%)和手机(40.91%)，90.91的屏幕暴露是在家中。2) 两组儿童在是否陪伴幼儿外出或运动、是否对使用时间进行控制、您觉得孩子在使用电子屏幕过程中您可以获得一段不被打扰的时间、认为接触电子屏幕可能将影响孩子的语言表达和孩子主要代养人每天接触电子屏幕总时间方面存在显著差异(p < 0.05)；3) 两组儿童在模仿、知觉、认知表现和口语认知得分上存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。4) 两组儿童在感觉、交往和躯体运动三个因子得分上存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。结论：孤独症儿童屏幕暴露现象较严重，屏幕暴露对训练疗效及情绪行为问题均有影响。需要减少孤独症儿童及家长的屏幕使用时间，增加亲子互动，才能促进情绪与行为健康发展，提高训练疗效。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the screen exposure of autistic children and analyze the effect of screen exposure on the developmental level of autistic children. Methods: The children with 62 ASD in the psychological clinic from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects. 59 boys and 3 girls, mean age (4.31 ± 1.02). Thirty-one individuals from each of the study and control groups. According to electronic screen exposure, screen exposure (>1 h/d) and non-screen exposure (1 h/d), using GESELL, ABC, PEP-3. Results: 1) The average age of first screen exposure was 15.32, the main screen exposure type was TV (40.91%) and mobile phone (40.91%), and 90.91 was at home. 2) There was a significant difference between the two groups in whether to accompany the children to go out or exercise, control the time during the use of the electronic screen, the total time of the children (p < 0.05); 3) the two groups in imitation, perception, cognitive performance and oral cognition scores (p < 0.05). 4) There were significant differences in the two groups of sensation, interaction and somatomotor factor scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Screen exposure affects training efficacy and emotional behavior problems. It is necessary to reduce the screen use time of autistic children and their parents, and increase the parent-child interaction, in order to promote the healthy development of emotion and behavior, and improve the efficacy of training.