宁波市机电产品出口竞争力研究

A Study on the Export Competitiveness of Ningbo’s Mechanical and Electrical Products

摘要: 本世纪以来，机电产品的出口竞争力开始引起许多国家的着重关注，也因此，提升机电产品出口额被视为了国家和区域加强其综合实力的选择。如果仔细观察最近几年中国制造业中心的变化，会发现其正慢慢向东移，而宁波市的机电产业也随之迎来了更大的机遇以及全新的挑战。同时在新的国内外环境下，分析研究宁波市的机电产品出口竞争力将附有较强的现实意义。首先从总体形势可以看出宁波市机电产品的出口额一直是增长的趋势，但最近几年这种上升趋势却变得缓慢甚至下降，并且经过研究发现，这一趋势还将成为影响外商投资出口额和劳动力的就业的因素之一。其次宁波市在机电行业中虽具有较强的比较优势，但其出口产品附加值较低、科技含量弱、企业规模小及生产技术落后等问题都在制约着宁波市机电产品出口竞争力的提高。所以宁波市想要提高机电产品的竞争力就需要努力提升机电产业的产业内贸易水平，提高自主创新技术能力，重视差异化产品的出口以及普及企业创新理念。

Abstract: Since this century, the export competitiveness of mechanical and electrical products has begun to attract the attention of many countries. Therefore, increasing the export volume of mechanical and electrical products is regarded as the choice for countries and regions to strengthen their comprehensive strength. If we carefully observe the changes of China’s manufacturing center in recent years, we will find that it is slowly moving eastward, and the electromechanical industry in Ningbo has also ushered in greater opportunities and newer challenges. At the same time, under the new domestic and international environment, the analysis and research on the export competitiveness of mechanical and electrical products in Ningbo will have strong practical significance. Firstly, from the overall situation, it can be seen that the export volume of mechanical and electrical products in Ningbo has always been an increasing trend, but this upward trend has become slow or even decreased in recent years. After research, it is found that this trend will also become one of the factors affecting the export volume of foreign investment and the employment of labor force. Secondly, although Ningbo has strong comparative advantages in the electromechanical industry, the low added value of its export products, weak scientific and technological content, small enterprise scale and backward production technology are restricting the improvement of the export competitiveness of mechanical and electrical products in Ningbo. Therefore, if Ningbo wants to improve the competitiveness of mechanical and electrical products, it needs to strive to improve the intra industry trade level of mechanical and electrical industry, improve the ability of independent innovation technology, pay attention to the export of differentiated products and popularize the concept of enterprise innovation.