西安市3岁以下婴幼儿屏幕暴露及语言发育情况调查

Investigation of Screen Exposure and Language Development of Infants and Young Children under 3 Years Old in Xi’an City

摘要: 目的：探讨西安市3岁以下婴幼儿屏幕暴露及语言发育情况。方法：选择2021年4月~2023年3月西安市3岁以下婴幼儿7280例为对象，根据入组婴幼儿年龄分为<1岁组(n = 2090例)、1~2岁组(n = 2150例)和2~3岁组(n = 3040例)。采用《一般情况调查表》和《电子产品使用情况调查问卷》对本地区3岁以下婴幼儿屏幕暴露情况进行调查；采用普通话版(CCDI)《汉语沟通发展量表——普通话版》对婴幼儿语言发育情况进行调查，对婴幼儿语言发育情况可能的影响因素进行多因素分析。结果：三组每天屏幕暴露时间、屏幕暴露时间分类及家长对儿童使用电子产品的态度具有统计差异(P < 0.05)；7280例西安市3岁以下婴幼儿中1100例伴有不同程度语言发育迟缓，占15.11%；2~3岁组语言发育迟缓发生率低于1~2岁组和<1岁组(P < 0.05)；1~2岁组语言发育迟缓发生率低于<1岁组(P < 0.05)；多因素结果表明，每天屏幕暴露时间、屏幕暴露时间分类及家长对儿童使用电子产品的态度是西安市3岁以下婴幼儿语言发育能力的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论：西安市3岁以下婴幼儿屏幕暴露明显，能直接影响婴幼儿语言发育，且屏幕暴露时间越长，对语言发育能力影响越大，应制定干预对策，缩短屏幕暴露，促进患儿语言发育。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the screen exposure and language development of infants and young children under 3 years old in Xi’an. Method: A total of 7280 infants and young children under 3 years old in Xi’an City from April 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into the <1-year-old group (n = 2090 cases), the 1~2-year-old group (n = 2150 cases), and the 2~3-year-old group (n = 3040 cases) based on their age. Conduct a survey on screen exposure of infants and young children under 3 years old in this area using the “General Situation Questionnaire” and the “Electronic Product Usage Questionnaire”; we conducted a survey on the language development of infants and young children using the Mandarin version of the Chinese Communication Development Scale—Mandarin Version (CCDI), and conducted a multifactorial analysis on the possible influencing factors of language development in infants and young children. Result: There were statistical differences in the daily screen exposure time, screen exposure time classification, and parents’ attitudes towards children using electronic products among the three groups (P < 0.05); Among the 7280 infants and young children under 3 years old in Xi’an, 1100 were accompanied by varying degrees of language development disorders, accounting for 15.11%; The incidence of language development disorders in the 2~3-year-old group was lower than that in the 1~2-year-old group and <1-year-old group (P < 0.05); The incidence of language development disorders in the 1~2-year-old group was lower than that in the <1-year-old group (P < 0.05); Multiple factor results indicate that daily screen exposure time, screen exposure time classification, and parents’ attitudes towards children’s use of electronic products are independent risk factors for language development ability of infants and young children under 3 years old in Xi’an (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Screen exposure is obvious in infants and young children under 3 years old in Xi’an, which can directly affect their language development. The longer the screen exposure time, the greater the impact on language development ability. Intervention strategies should be developed to shorten screen exposure and promote language development in children.