认知负荷影响跨期决策的图形框架效应机制

Mechanism of Graphical Framing Effects on Intertemporal Decision-Making Influenced by Cognitive Load

摘要: 大学生存在跨期决策近期偏好，容易产生超前消费行为。本文采用经典选择任务范式，探讨图形框架如何助推大学生跨期决策，并进一步探讨认知负荷对框架效应的影响机制。结果发现：1) 图形框架有效助推跨期决策。突出时间时，大学生倾向于即时满足；突出金钱时，倾向于延迟满足。2) 认知负荷不直接影响框架效应，高、低认知负荷的大学生均表现出显著的图形框架效应。3) 认知负荷通过削弱分析系统影响框架效应。使用分析系统进行信息加工时，低认知负荷的大学生倾向于延迟满足，高认知负荷的大学生使用启发式策略，其决策受图形框架影响。结论：图形框架可以有效助推跨期决策，且繁杂信息一般不会对其产生影响，与双加工理论的默认干预模型一致。

Abstract: College students exhibit a preference for near-term outcomes in intertemporal decision-making, which often leads to impulsive consumption behavior. Employing the classical choice task paradigm, commonly used in psychology, we explore how graphical frames influence college students’ intertemporal decision-making and further delve into the mechanism by which cognitive load affects the framework effect. Our findings reveal: 1) Graphical frames effectively influence intertemporal choices. When time is emphasized, students tend towards immediate gratification; conversely, when money is highlighted, they prefer delayed gratification. 2) Both high and low cognitive load college students exhibit significant graphical frame effects. 3) Cognitive load influences the framework effect by weakening the analytical system. Specifically, when using the analytical system to process information, college students with low cognitive load tend to delay gratification, whereas those with high cognitive load rely on heuristic strategies, and their decisions are influenced by the graphical frames. In conclusion, graphical frames can effectively facilitate intertemporal decision-making, and complex information generally does not detract from this effect, which is consistent with the default intervention model of dual processing theory.