认知行为理论视角下精神障碍患者社区康复的困境与对策分析

Predicament and Countermeasure Analysis of Community Rehabilitation for Patients with Mental Disorders from the Perspective of Cognitive Behavior Theory

摘要: 生活节奏的加快促使精神类疾病的患病率日益增高，在去院舍化运动的影响下，社区康复成为患者出院后的普遍选择。本文以浙江某社区的精神障碍患者为研究对象，在认知行为理论的视角下对精神障碍患者社区康复过程中的问题现状进行探讨，发现精神障碍患者在社区康复中所普遍面对的社会公众污名、患者自我污名、家庭照护能力不足等问题皆与非理性认知和不恰当的应对行为方式有关。最后从社会、家庭、个人三个层面提出促进精神障碍患者社区康复水平提升的应对策略。

Abstract: The acceleration of the pace of life has led to an increasingly high incidence of mental illnesses. Influenced by the movement towards deinstitutionalization, community rehabilitation has become a common choice for patients after discharge. Based on a study of patients with mental disorders in a community in Zhejiang, this article discusses the current issues in the community rehabilitation process of patients with mental disorders from the perspective of cognitive-behavioral theory. It was found that the common problems faced by patients with mental disorders in community rehabilitation, such as public stigma, self-stigma, and insufficient family care capacity, are all related to irrational cognition and inappropriate coping behaviors. Finally, strategies to promote the improvement of community rehabilitation levels for patients with mental disorders are proposed from the social, family, and individual levels.