微山湖浮游动物群落结构时空分布及驱动因子分析

Time and Space Distribution of Zooplankton Community Structure and Driving Factors Analysis in Weishan Lake

摘要: 微山湖在2023年7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)、12月(冬季)以及接下来的2024年3月(春季)，经历了四次对其水域浮游动物的深入监测。整体监测出浮游动物种类共计77种，涵盖了18种原生动物、45种轮虫、8种枝角类和6种桡足类。盛夏及金秋期间，生物的种类繁多，总计监测到48种；而春季与冬季，则略有下降，冬季记录到43种物种。春季时，湖内浮游动物密度达顶峰，估计每升有1.26 × 10³个个体；而夏季数量最少，约每升0.47 × 10³个个体。秋季和冬季的数目大致为每升0.75 × 10³个和0.71 × 10³个。论及生物量，夏季观察到的最大值为6.69 mg/L；与此相对，冬季生物量最低，仅为1.52 mg/L。春季与秋季的生物量则分别为每升2.41 mg/L及4.03 mg/L。关于浮游动物的香农多样性指数，其测量结果在1.74至2.15之间变化；而均匀度指数则在0.48至0.74之间波动。综合这些生态学参数，判断微山湖具有中等的营养水平，指出应当对其水质保护和湖泊资源的合理开发予以高度关注。

Abstract: Weishan Lake has undergone four in-depth monitoring of zooplankton in its waters in July (summer), October (autumn), December (winter) and the following March (spring) of 2024. A total of 77 zooplankton species were monitored, including 18 protozoa, 45 rotifers, 8 cladocerans and 6 copepods. During midsummer and autumn, the number of organisms was diverse, with a total of 48 species monitored, while in spring and winter, there was a slight decrease, with 43 species recorded in winter. In spring, the zooplankton density in the lake reached its peak, with an estimated 1.26 × 10³ individuals per liter, while the number was the lowest in summer, about 0.47 × 10³ individuals per liter. The numbers in autumn and winter were roughly 0.75 × 10³ and 0.71 × 10³ per liter. In terms of biomass, the maximum value observed in summer was 6.69 mg/L; in contrast, the lowest biomass in winter was only 1.52 mg/L. The biomass in spring and autumn is 2.41 mg/L and 4.03 mg/L respectively. Regarding the Shannon diversity index of zooplankton, the measurement results vary between 1.74 and 2.15; while the uniformity index fluctuates between 0.48 and 0.74. Combining these ecological parameters, it is judged that Weishan Lake has a medium nutrient level, and it is pointed out that great attention should be paid to its water quality protection and the rational development of lake resources.