近40年中国人类活动强度变化及其驱动力分析

Analysis of the Changes in the Intensity of Human Activities in Chinese in the Past 40 Years and Their Driving Forces

摘要: 人类活动强度的定量表达是评价人类对生态环境作用的重要参数。本文基于中国多时期土地利用数据，从中国省域单元时空变化特征、县域单元时空变化特征、中国总体空间变化特征等方面对近40年来中国人类活动强度进行分析研究。结果表明：(1) 近40年中国人类活动强度大致以2000年为界，呈现前期增长缓慢，后期增长较快；(2) 中国省域单元的人类活动强度空间分异明显，中国人类活动强度较强且变化较大地区主要集中在东部沿海地区，人类活动强度较低且变化较小地区主要集中在西北地区、华北地区的内蒙古自治区和西南地区。(3) 近40年中国人类活动强度空间分布呈现胡焕庸线以东地区高、胡焕庸线以西地区低的特点，时间变化呈现高强度类型区的县域单元数大幅度增加，低强度类型区的县域单元数大幅度减少；(4) 近40年中国人口密度对中国人类活动强度及时空变化起主导作用，除此之外，人类活动强度及其变化还受到自然因素和其他社会经济因素影响。

Abstract: The quantitative expression of human activity intensity is an important parameter to evaluate the role of human beings in the ecological environment. Based on China’s multi-period land use data, this paper analyzes and studies the intensity of human activities in China in the past 40 years from the aspects of spatiotemporal variation characteristics of provincial units, spatiotemporal variation characteristics of county units, and overall spatial variation characteristics of China. The results show that: (1) In the past 40 years, the intensity of human activities in Chinese has been roughly bounded by 2000, showing slow growth in the early stage and rapid growth in the later period; (2) The spatial differentiation of human activity intensity in China’s provincial units is obvious, and the areas with strong Chinese activity intensity and large change are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal area, and the areas with low human activity intensity and small change are mainly concentrated in Northwest China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Southwest China in North China; (3) In the past 40 years, the spatial distribution of human activity intensity in Chinese showed the characteristics of high in the east of the Hu Huanyong Line and low in the west of the Hu Huanyong Line, and the temporal variation showed that the number of county units in the high-intensity type area increased significantly, and the number of county units in the low-intensity type area decreased significantly. (4) In the past 40 years, the density of human activities has played a leading role in the intensity and spatiotemporal changes of Chinese activities, and the intensity and change of human activities are also affected by natural factors and other socio-economic factors.